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Building Planning and Drawing CE 216

This document discusses building foundations and their elements. It describes the key components of substructure including footings, base concrete, and flooring. It also outlines the main elements of superstructure such as masonry walls, roofing, and stairs. Various foundation types are presented including shallow foundations, deep foundations, spread foundations, and pile foundations. Causes of foundation failures like uneven settlement and remedies like using pile foundations are also summarized.

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PRITI DAS
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30 views

Building Planning and Drawing CE 216

This document discusses building foundations and their elements. It describes the key components of substructure including footings, base concrete, and flooring. It also outlines the main elements of superstructure such as masonry walls, roofing, and stairs. Various foundation types are presented including shallow foundations, deep foundations, spread foundations, and pile foundations. Causes of foundation failures like uneven settlement and remedies like using pile foundations are also summarized.

Uploaded by

PRITI DAS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING

CE 216

Dr. Pritikana Das,


Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal
BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE BUILDING ELEMENTS

 Foundation/ substructure
 Super structure
SUBSTRUCTURE

1. Footings
2. Base concrete
3. Plinth
4. Flooring
5. D.P.C.
BASE COURSE

First footing

Foundation

Levelling course
SUPERSTRUCTURE

1. Masonry walls
2. Steps
3. Doors, windows & ventilators
4. Lintels
5. Sunsheds
SUPERSTRUCTURE

6. Roof
7. Weathering course
8. Stairs, lifts
9. Parapet walls
10. Building finishes
FOUNDATION

 Purpose of foundation
 Types of foundation
 Functional classification
 Material classification
 Selection of foundation
 Causes of foundation failures & remedial measures
PURPOSE OF FOUNDATION

• To distribute the load of the structure over a large bearing area so as to bring


intensity of loading within the safe bearing capacity of the soil lying underneath.
• To load the bearing surface at a uniform rate so as to prevent unequal
settlement.
• To prevent the lateral movement of the supporting material.
TYPES OF FOUNDATION

 Open foundation / Shallow foundation/ Spread foundation

 Deep foundation
SPREAD FOUNDATION

I. Raft foundation
II. Wall footings
III. Isolated footings
IV. Combined
V. Inverted arches
VI. Cantilever
VII. Continuous footings
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION

I. Bearing piles
II. Frictional piles
III. Compaction piles
IV. Batter
V. Sheet
VI. Under reamed
MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION

I. Timber piles
II. Concrete
III.Reinforced cement concrete
IV. Steel
V. Composite
VI. Sand
SELECTION OF FOUNDATION

 Nature of subsoil
 Nature and extent of problems (G.W.T., boulder etc.)
 Availability of expertise & equipment
 Type of building
CAUSES OF FOUNDATION FAILURES & REMEDIAL MEASURES

1. Unevenness settlement of subsoil


Causes:
I. Heterogeneous nature;
II. non-uniform load;
III. Eccentric loading;
Remedial Measures:
IV. Foundation is laid on hard rock base.
V. Concrete or hard stone base is designed and laid as a monolithic member.
VI. Loading on foundation should not exceed safe BC of soil.
VII. Avoid eccentric loading
UNEQUAL SETTLEMENT OF THE MASONRY

Differential settlement of the masonry due to excessive load before mortar has fully set.
Remedial Measures:
I. Use rich mix of mortar
II. Thin mortar joints
III. Restrict the ht. of masonry to 1m per day
IV. Cure the masonry efficiently to gain full strength
SUBSOIL MOISTURE MOVEMENT

Shrinkage of subsoil; vertical cracks developed.


Remedial measures:
I. Deep foundation
II. Continuous RCC plinth beams & lintel beams
III. Plantation
HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT

Remedial measures:
1. Restrict loading intensity
2. Raft or pile foundation
3. Sufficient depth
4. Sheet piles
LATERAL PRESSURE ON THE SUPER STRUCTURE

Remedial measures:
1. Sufficient thickness of walls
2. Sufficient no. of cross walls
3. Sufficient width of foundation
4. Design the foundation
ATMOSPHERIC ACTION

Remedial measures:
1. Fill foundation trench with good soil.
2. Ground slope
3. Suitable plinth ht.
4. Design subsoil drainage

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