Visual Basic .
Net
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN
Sub Procedures
Lecture 8
Topic & Structure of the lesson
•Introduction to Modular Design Concepts
•Write Sub Procedures
•Compare between Call by Value and Call
by Reference
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 2 (of 25)
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lecture you should be able to :
1. Declare a sub program
2. Write a sub program and pass
arguments to it
3. Write a Call-By-Value and a Call By
Reference sub procedure
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 3 (of 25)
Key Terms you must be able to use
If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to
use the following terms correctly in your
assignments and tests:
Call By Ref
Call By Val
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 4 (of 25)
Modular Design Concepts
Modularity refers to breaking a large problem down
into smaller self-contained modules.
This allows the programmer to isolate problems
within the program by looking at specific areas.
Breaking problems down into smaller modules, will
decrease program maintenance cost.
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 5 (of 25)
Dividing code into procedures
• Divide & Conquer Approach
Makes program development more
manageable.
• Software Reusability
Using existing procedures as building
blocks for new programs
• Avoid duplicating parts of programs
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 6 (of 25)
Different Modular Techniques
Visual Basic provides us with the ability to
represent modules through the use of the
following:
• Sub Procedures
• Function Procedures
• Event Procedures
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 7 (of 25)
Sub Procedures
What are Sub Procedures?
Sub Procedures are subprograms or routines
which are self contained and are used to
perform a particular task.
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 8 (of 25)
Breaking down a problem into
smaller parts
Private Sub btnDrawSnowman_Click(…)
Dim small, medium, large, left, right as integer
small = 1
medium = 2
large = 3
call drawCircle(small) call drawHat()
call drawCircle(medium) left = 1
call drawCircle(large) right = 2
call drawArm(left)
call drawArm(right)
End Sub
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net
A Sub Program with No Arguments
MAIN PROGRAM
Private Sub Command1_Click( )
‘ Check the parentheses. There is no argument
Call No_arg_No_return( )
End Sub
No arguments
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 12 (of 25)
No Arguments
SUB PROCEDURE
Public Sub No_arg_No_return( )
Dim x, y, z As Integer
x = 200
y = 400
z=x+y
Label1.Caption = "TOTAL = " & z
End Sub
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 13 (of 25)
OUTPUT
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 14 (of 25)
A Sub Procedure with Arguments
Private Sub cmdAdd_click()
Call max(2,1) Arguments
End sub
Private Sub max(num1, num2 as integer)
Dim max as integer
if num1 > num2 then
max = num1
parameters
elseif num2 > num1 then
max = num2
Else
MessageBox.Show (“The numbers are equal”)
End If
End Sub
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 9 (of 25)
Exercise 1
Write a program to accept two numbers using
textboxes and pass the numbers to a
subprogram called product to multiply them.
Display the answer in the product procedure.
Use a MessageBox to display the answer
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 10 (of 25)
Answer
Private Sub cmdMultiply_Click()
Dim a,b as integer
a = InputBox(“enter 1st number”)
b = InputBox(“enter 2nd number”)
Call product (a, b)
End Sub
Private Sub product (num1 As integer, num2 As integer)
MsgBox ("The product of “ & num1 & “ and “ &
num2 & “ is “ &
num1 * num2)
End Sub
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 11 (of 25)
Exercise 2
Write a program that will accept three
numbers and pass the numbers to a
procedure minimum to determine the
smallest number.
Accept the numbers using an InputBox
and display the smallest number in a Text
Box.
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 15 (of 25)
Solution
Private Sub cmdSmallest_Click()
Dim value1 As Long, value2 As Long, value3 As Long
value1 = txtOne.Text
value2 = txtTwo.Text
value3 = txtThree.Text
Call Minimum(value1, value2, value3)
End Sub
Private Sub Minimum(x As Long, y As Long, z As Long)
dim min as Long
min = x
If y < min Then
min = y
End If
If z < min Then
min = z
End If
txtSmallest.Text = "Smallest value is " & min
End Sub
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 16 (of 25)
EXIT Sub
•EXIT SUB will alter the flow of control in your
program
•Executing EXIT SUB in a sub procedure
causes an immediate exit from that procedure.
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 16 (of 30)
EXIT SUB Example
Private Sub cmdBegin_Click()
Dim x As Integer
For x = 5 To -1 Step -1
Call PrintNumbers(x)
Next
cmdBegin.Enabled = False
End Sub
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 17 (of 30)
EXIT SUB Example
Private Sub PrintNumbers(number As Integer)
If number >=0 Then
Print number
Else
Print "Exiting Sub with number = " &
number
Exit Sub
End If
End Sub
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 18 (of 30)
Call By Reference
• If a variable retains the value it is given
in a sub procedure, it is passed by
reference
• By default Call By Reference is used in
VB (FYI: This is not true in C++ and
Java.)
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 17 (of 25)
Call By Reference - Procedure
Private sub a()
dim a as integer
a=5
call square(a)
MessageBox.Show (“Ans a = “ & a)
end sub
private sub square(num as integer)
num = num * num
end sub
Ans a = 25
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 18 (of 25)
Call By Value
• When you pass a copy of the variable to
a sub program - it does not affect the
value in the main program
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 19 (of 25)
Call By Value
Private sub a()
dim a as integer
a=5
call square(a)
MessageBox.Show (“Ans a = “ & a)
end sub
private sub square (byval num as integer)
num = num * num
end sub
Ans a = 5
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 20 (of 25)
Exercise 3
• Write a program that accepts a student mark
and passes the mark to a subprogram called
grade which will determine the students grade.
Mark Grade
75-100 A
60-74 B
50- 59 C
40-49 D
0 – 39 F
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 21 (of 25)
Exercise 4
Write a program that uses a Sub procedure
Maximum to determine the largest of three
Integers. The smallest value is displayed in
a Label.
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 22 (of 25)
Summary of Main Teaching Points
• Module Design
– Sub Procedures
– Function Procedures
– Event Procedures
• Sub Procedures
– Do not return a value
– Call By Value
– Call By Reference
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 23 (of 25)
Next Session
Function Procedures
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 25 (of 25)
Question and Answer Session
Q&A
AAPP00-8-3-2 VBN Visual Basic .Net Slide 24 (of 25)
