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Corruption and Governance: The Philippine Experience

This document discusses corruption and governance in the Philippine experience. It begins by defining corruption as the misuse or abuse of public office for private gain according to the World Bank and UNDP. It then identifies several activities that are most vulnerable to corruption in the Philippines, including public procurement, rezoning of land, revenue collection, government appointments, and local government. [CONTINUED] The document continues by outlining features of a system that is prone to corruption, such as concentration of power in the executive with weak checks and balances, poor transparency, discretionary decision making, weak oversight, and tolerance of corrupt activities. It also discusses how corruption takes place using formulas that involve monopoly powers, discretion, and lack of accountability

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Juliean Torres Akiatan
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121 views12 pages

Corruption and Governance: The Philippine Experience

This document discusses corruption and governance in the Philippine experience. It begins by defining corruption as the misuse or abuse of public office for private gain according to the World Bank and UNDP. It then identifies several activities that are most vulnerable to corruption in the Philippines, including public procurement, rezoning of land, revenue collection, government appointments, and local government. [CONTINUED] The document continues by outlining features of a system that is prone to corruption, such as concentration of power in the executive with weak checks and balances, poor transparency, discretionary decision making, weak oversight, and tolerance of corrupt activities. It also discusses how corruption takes place using formulas that involve monopoly powers, discretion, and lack of accountability

Uploaded by

Juliean Torres Akiatan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Corruption and Governance: The

Philippine Experience
 Public procurement
 Rezoning of land
 Revenue collection
 Government appointments; and
 Local government

Activities Most Vulnerable to Corruption


 Concentration of powers in the executive and weak or non-
existent checks and balance
 Poor transparency surrounding executive decision combined
with restricted access to information
 Elaborate regulatory systems allowing for discretionary
decision making
 Weak systems of oversight and enforcement
 Soft social control systems/high tolerance for corrupt
activities

Features of System Prone to Corruption


Corruption is most commonly
defined as the misuse or the
abuse of public office for private
gain.
~ WorldBank (1997) and UNDP (1999)

What is Corruption?
In the Philippines, Presidential Decree 46
(1972) prohibited gift giving to public
officials and employees. Despite this law,
however, gift giving is still practiced as this
habit has been imbedded in social norms.
Corruption appears to take place when it satisfies a
certain formula. According to Robert Klitgaard
(1998), monopoly of power, when combined with
discretion and absence of accountability, will result to
corruption.
Thus, the formula: C=M+D-A, where C is corruption,
M is monopoly, D is discretion and A is accountability.

How Corruption Takes Place


UNDP modified Klitgaard’s formula by adding other
dimension: integrity and transparency. This creates the
formula C=(M+D)-(A+I+T), where C is corruption, M is
monopoly, D is discretion, A is accountability, I is integrity
and T is transparency. This suggests that the absence of AIT
(primarily as a consequence of weak governance) in
addition to monopoly and discretion, results in corruption.
This formula strengthens the theory that corruption is
primarily a failure in governance.

How Corruption Takes Place


“A country of missed
opportunities.”

The Philippine Experience


With 4-5 group members, research for one (1)
particular LGU and research for its best practice
(at least one) in implementing/adhering to the
discussed elements of good governance. Present
it to the class using a PowerPoint Presentation.
Discuss the details of the best practice of the
LGU highlighting the significance it contributes
to the people/locality.
Note:
 Minimum of 10 slides per presentation
 10-minute duration must be observed
 Presentation must be creative and informative
Case Study Format Guideline
Introduction
 Briefly include the rationale in conducting the case study
 Brief statement of the undertaking which may describe the necessity and or
justification in conducting the study.
 Provide a short background of the locale of the study, the profile of the subject or
relevant information for the best understanding of the readers.
 Include the scope of the case study.
Related Literature
 Include some relevant literature about good governance practices related to the
chosen LGU.
Objectives and Significance
 A brief statement of the purposes which the study aims to achieve. Should include
also why the problem investigated is important and what significance the results have.
Good Governance Best Practice
 Details (Programs and Initiatives, Beneficiaries, Key
Players, Impact, Awards Received / Citation, Results)
Summary and Recommendations
 Include Impressions, Generalizations and Reflections on
the presented best practice.
 Cite recommended actions.
Researchers’ Profile
 Include only the basic profile of the members of the
group.
 Font Style: Bookman Old Style / Font Size: 12
 Double space
 Include introductory paragraphs in all sections except Introduction
 Section title must be in upper case.
 Margins: top – 1”, bottom – 1”, left- 1.5”, right – 1.2”
 Page Size – 8.5 x 11 (letter) , Page Orientation – Portrait
 Use footnote in citing the references following the APA format.

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