Lecture 01
Uploaded by
Colesha BarukaLecture 01
Uploaded by
Colesha BarukaCHAPTER 1
THE 8051
MICROCONTROLLERS
Microcontroller vs. General-
Purpose Microprocessor
General-purpose microprocessors have
◦ No RAM
◦ No ROM
◦ No I/O ports
Microcontrollers have
◦ CPU (microprocessor)
◦ RAM
◦ ROM
◦ I/O ports
Microcontroller vs. General-
Purpose Microprocessor (cont.)
◦ Timer
◦ ADC and other peripherals
Microcontroller vs. General-
Purpose Microprocessor (cont.)
General-purpose microprocessors
◦ Must add RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and timers
externally to make them functional
◦ Make the system bulkier and much more
expensive
◦ Have the advantage of versatility on the
amount of RAM, ROM, and I/O ports
Microcontroller vs. General-
Purpose Microprocessor (cont.)
Microcontroller
◦ The fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, and
number of I/O ports makes them ideal for
many applications in which cost and space are
critical
◦ In many applications, the space it takes, the
power it consumes, and the price per unit are
much more critical considerations than the
computing power
Microcontrollers for Embedded
Systems
An embedded product uses a microprocessor
(or microcontroller) to do one task and one
task only
◦ There is only one application software that is
typically burned into ROM
A PC can be used for any number of
applications
◦ It has RAM memory and an operating system that
loads a variety of applications into RAM and lets
the CPU run them
Microcontrollers for Embedded
Systems (cont.)
A PC contains or is connected to various
embedded products
◦ Each one peripheral has a microcontroller
inside it that performs only one task
Home
◦ Appliances, telephones, security systems,
TVs, video games, cellular phones, camera,
Office
◦ Telephones, computers, fax, laser printer
x86 PC Embedded Applications
Very often the terms embedded processor
and microcontroller are used
interchangeably
One of the most critical needs of an
embedded system is to decrease power
consumption and space
◦ The trend is to integrate more functions on the
CPU chip and let designer decide which
features he/she wants to use
Criteria for Choosing a
Microcontroller
Meeting the computing needs of the task
at hand efficiently and cost effectively
◦ Speed, Packaging, Power consumption
◦ The amount of RAM and ROM on chip
◦ The number of I/O pins and the timers on
chip
◦ How easy to upgrade to higher performance or
lower power-consumption versions
◦ Cost per unit
Criteria for Choosing a
Microcontroller (cont.)
Availability of software development
tools, such as compilers, assemblers, and
debuggers
Wide availability and reliable sources of
the microcontroller
◦ The 8051 family has the largest number of
diversified (multiple source) suppliers
Intel (original), Atmel, Philips/Signetics, AMD,
Infineon (formerly Siemens), Matra, Dallas
Semiconductor/Maxim
8051 Microcontroller
Intel introduced 8051, referred as MCS-
51, in 1981
◦ The 8051 is an 8-bit processor
◦ The CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a
time
The 8051 had:
◦ 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of on-chip ROM
◦ One serial port, four I/O ports (8 bits wide)
◦ Two timers, 6 interrupt sources
8051 Microcontroller (cont.)
The 8051 became widely popular after
allowing other manufactures to make and
market any flavor of the 8051
◦ Remaining code-compatible
8051 Microcontroller (cont.)
8051 Family
The 8051 is a subset of the 8052
The 8031 is a ROM-less 8051
◦ Add external ROM to it
You lose two ports,
One for the address bus, the other for the data bus
◦ Leave only 2 ports for I/O operations
