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Ecological Systems Theory: Urie Bronfenbrenner

Urie Bronfenbrenner developed the ecological systems theory, which states that a person's development is influenced by different environmental systems, including the microsystem of immediate relationships, the mesosystem of interactions between microsystems, the exosystem of external contexts, the macrosystem of broader culture, and the chronosystem of life transitions and historical contexts. Bronfenbrenner believed human behavior is shaped by everything in the surrounding environment. His theory helps explain how behavior can differ depending on the social context.

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234 views9 pages

Ecological Systems Theory: Urie Bronfenbrenner

Urie Bronfenbrenner developed the ecological systems theory, which states that a person's development is influenced by different environmental systems, including the microsystem of immediate relationships, the mesosystem of interactions between microsystems, the exosystem of external contexts, the macrosystem of broader culture, and the chronosystem of life transitions and historical contexts. Bronfenbrenner believed human behavior is shaped by everything in the surrounding environment. His theory helps explain how behavior can differ depending on the social context.

Uploaded by

jessica
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ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

THEORY
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Urie Bronfenbrenner
 Urie Bronfenbrenner was a Russian-
American psychologist known for
developing the ecological systems theory
 He was born in 1917 in Moscow and died
at 88 years old in 2005, having spent
most of his life in the United States
 Bronfenbrenner also served in the U.S.
Army Medical Corps. In 1948, he accepted
a professorship in Human Development,
Family Studies, and Psychology at
Cornell University. Bronfenbrenner is
also the co-founder of the popular Head
Start program for disadvantaged pre-
school children
Ecological Systems Theory
 Ecological Systems theory states that human
development is influenced by the different types of
environmental systems, this theory helps us understand
why we may behave differently when we compare our
behavior in the presence of our family and our
behavior when we are in school or at work.
 Bronfenbrenner believed that a person's development
was affected by everything in their surrounding
environment
The Five Environmental Systems

Microsystem Mesosystem Exosystem

Macrosystem Chronosystem
Microsystem
The microsystem is the system closest to the person and
the one in which they have direct contact. Some examples
would be home, school, daycare, or work. A microsystem
typically includes family, peers, or caregivers.
Relationships in a microsystem are bi-directional. In other
words, your reactions to the people in your microsystem
will affect how they treat you in return. This is the most
influential level of the ecological systems theory.
Mesosystem
The mesosystem consists of the interactions
between the different parts of a person's microsystem.
The mesosystem is where a person's individual
microsystems do not function independently, but are
interconnected and assert influence upon one another.
These interactions have an indirect impact on the
individual.
Exosystem
The exosystem refers to a setting that does not
involve the person as an active participant, but still
affects them. This includes decisions that have bearing
on the person, but in which they have no participation
in the decision-making process. 
Macrosystem
The macrosystem setting is the actual culture of
an individual. The cultural contexts involve the
socioeconomic status of the person and/or his family,
his ethnicity or race and living in a still developing
or a third world country. For example, being born to a
poor family makes a person work harder every day.
Chronosystem
 The chronosystem includes the transitions and
shifts in one's lifespan. This may also involve the
socio-historical contexts that may influence a person.

 One classic example of this is how divorce, as a major


life transition, may affect not only the couple's
relationship but also their children's behavior.
According to a majority of research, children are
negatively affected on the first year after the
divorce. The next years after it would reveal that the
interaction within the family becomes more stable and
agreeable.

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