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Bautista Carpio Lapitan, D. Lapitan S, Mingaracal

The document discusses Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which proposes that an individual's sense of morality progresses through three distinct levels - pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional - as they age and develop cognitively. It provides an overview of the stages within each level and uses the example of the Heinz dilemma to illustrate how reasoning about the morality of stealing to save a life would differ depending on which level of development an individual has reached.

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47 views9 pages

Bautista Carpio Lapitan, D. Lapitan S, Mingaracal

The document discusses Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which proposes that an individual's sense of morality progresses through three distinct levels - pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional - as they age and develop cognitively. It provides an overview of the stages within each level and uses the example of the Heinz dilemma to illustrate how reasoning about the morality of stealing to save a life would differ depending on which level of development an individual has reached.

Uploaded by

irish bautista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MORAL

DEVELOPME
NT
BAUTISTA
CARPIO
LAPITAN, D.
LAPITAN S,
MINGARACAL
HEINZ DILEMMA
A woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. A
recently discovered drug might save her. The drug was expensive to
make and the pharmacist was charging ten times what the drug cost
him to produce.
The sick woman’s husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to
borrow money, but he could only get about half of what it cost. He
told the pharmacist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it
cheaper or let him pay later. But the pharmacist said no. So, Heinz
got so desperate and broke into the man’s store to steal the drug for
his wife.
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
 American psychologist and educator known for his
theory of moral development which describes how sense
of right and wrong changes with age.
 Proposed that moral deveopment is a continuous process
that occurs throughout the lifespan.
 Used Piaget’s story telling technique to tell people stories
involving moral dilemmas.
STAGES OF MORAL
PRE-
DEVELOPMENT
POST-
CONVENTIONA CONVENTIONAL
CONVENTIONAL
L

• Good • Social
• Obedience and
Interpersonal Contract and
Punishment
Relationships Individual
Orientation
Rights
• Maintaining
• Individualism
the Social • Universal
and Exchange
Order Principles
 
LEVEL 1: Pre-Conventional Morality
STAGE 1- Obedience and STAGE 2- Individualism and
Punishment Orientation.  Exchange.
 Infancy
 Pre-school
 No difference between doing the
 Interest shifts to rewards rather
right thing and avoiding
than punishment – effort is made
punishment.
to secure greatest benefit for
 Motivated by obedience to oneself.
authority.
 Account individual point of view
 Obeying rules is important to
 Judge actions based on how they
avoid punishment.
serve individual needs.
 Shaped by the standards of adults.
LEVEL 2: Conventional Morality
STAGE 3- Good Interpersonal • STAGE 4- Maintaining
Relationships. the Social Order.
 School-age  School-age
 The “good boy/girl” level. Focused  Orientation toward fixed rules.
on living up to social expectations  Consider society as a whole when
and roles.
making judgements.
 Consider how choices influence  Focus is on maitaining law and order
relationships. by following rules, doing one’s duty
 A need to avoid rejection, and respecting authority.
disaffection, or disapproval from  A need to not criticized by a true
other. authority figure.
LEVEL 3: Post-Conventional Morality
• STAGE 5- Social Contract • STAGE 6- Universal
and Individual Rights Principles
 Teens  Adulthood
 Morally right and legally right are  Morality is based on principles
not always the same. that transcend mutal benefit.
 Begin to account the differing  Moral judgement is motivated by
values, opinions and beliefs of one’s own conscience.
other people.  People developed their own set of
 Becomes aware that there are times moral guidelines.
when they will work against rules.
MORAL LEVEL IN FAVOR OF AGAINST STEALING
STEALING
LEVEL 1: “It was right to steal, because he might
have been blamed for the death of his
“It was wrong to steal, because he
might be caught and sent to jail if he
Pre-Conventional wife.” doesn’t get caught, he might spend his
whole life in fear thinking of how the
police could catch him at any minute.”

LEVEL 2: “It was right to steal, because ih his


wife had died he would never be able
“It was wrong to steal because he will
feel bad about how he bought dishonor
Conventional to face other people again. He will be
thought of as a bad husband and a bad
on himself and his family by not
following the laws. Everyone must
person.” follow laws in order to keep society
orderly.”

“It was right to steal, because life is “It was wrong to steal because he will
LEVEL 3: more important than property. What is always condemn himself for not living
Post-Conventional truly wrong in this situation is that
society does not agree: the law favors
up to his own standards of honesty.”

property over life.”


SUMMARY
 LEVEL 1
 Breaking the rules is always bad.
 Acting in self-interest because individual needs are greatest good.
 LEVEL 2
 Follow the rules because if you don’t, others will think badly of you.
 The rules are in place for the benefit of all; breaking the rules leads to chaos.
 LEVEL 3
 Rules are created by humans, and humans aren’t perfect; thus, rules are not always
good ones.
 We believe in a higher moral standard than that which is dictated by society.

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