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Sound: CBSE Class 8

This document discusses sound and how it is produced, transmitted, and heard. It explains that sound is produced by vibration and travels through a medium like air as a sound wave. In humans, sound is produced when air vibrates the vocal cords in the larynx. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them through the ear canal to the eardrum, which vibrates and sends the signal to the brain where it is perceived as sound. The document also covers properties of sound like frequency, amplitude, and pitch. It discusses the range of audible sounds for humans and defines noise pollution.

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173 views

Sound: CBSE Class 8

This document discusses sound and how it is produced, transmitted, and heard. It explains that sound is produced by vibration and travels through a medium like air as a sound wave. In humans, sound is produced when air vibrates the vocal cords in the larynx. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them through the ear canal to the eardrum, which vibrates and sends the signal to the brain where it is perceived as sound. The document also covers properties of sound like frequency, amplitude, and pitch. It discusses the range of audible sounds for humans and defines noise pollution.

Uploaded by

Abhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOUND

CBSE Class 8
INTRODUCTION
 Sound plays an important role in our lives.
 It helps us to communicate with one another.
 Sound is a form of energy
 It causes a sensation of hearing in our ears
HOW IS SOUND PRODUCED ?
 Sound is produced due to the vibration of object.
 Fro or back and forth motion of an object is called vibration.
 In some cases, the vibrations are easily visible to us.
 But in most cases, their amplitude is so small that we cannot see them. However, we can feel
them.
 When a tightly stretched band is plucked, it vibrates and produces sound. When it stops
vibrating, it does not produce any sound.
SOUND PRODUCED BY
HUMANS
 In humans, the sound is produced by the voice box or the larynx
 It is at the upper end of the windpipe.
 Two vocal cords, are stretched across the voice box or larynx in such a way that it leaves a
narrow slit between them for the passage of air
 When the lungs force air through the slit, the vocal cords vibrate, producing sound.
 Muscles attached to the vocal cords can make the cords tight or loose.
 When the vocal cords are tight and thin, the type or quality of voice is different from that
when they are loose and thick.
SOUND NEEDS A MEDIUM
PROPAGATION

 Sound needs a medium to travel.


 The medium can be solid, liquid or gas.
 The sound cannot travel through a vacuum.
WE HEAR SOUND THROUGH OUR
EARS

 The shape of the outer part of the ear is like a funnel. When sound enters it, it travels down a
canal at the end of which there is a thin stretched membrane. It is called the eardrum.
 The eardrum is like a stretched rubber sheet. Sound vibrations make the eardrum vibrate.
 The eardrum sends vibrations to the inner ear. From there, the signal goes to the brain. That is
how we hear.
Structure Of The Ear
PROPERTIES OF A SOUND
 The number of oscillations per second is called the frequency of oscillation. Frequency is
expressed in hertz. Its symbol is Hz.
 In a sound wave, the maximum displacement associated with the particle constituting a wave
is called its amplitude.
 The time taken by object or the particle of the medium for completing one oscillation or
vibration is called the time period.
 Loudness of sound is the measure of sound energy reaching the ear per second.It depends on
the amplitude. Loudness of sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the
vibration producing the sound.
 Pitch is the sensation of the frequency of an emitted sound.
AUDIBLE AND INAUDIBLE
SOUNDS
 For human ear, the range of audible frequencies is roughly from 20 to 20,000 Hz.
 The sounds of frequencies less than about 20 vibrations per second (20 Hz) cannot be detected
by the human ear.
 On the higher side, sounds of frequencies higher than about 20,000 vibrations per second (20
kHz) are also not audible to the human ear. Such sounds are called inaudible.
NOISE, MUSIC AND NOISE
POLLUTION
 Noise: It is the sound that is unpleasant to hear.
 Music: It is the sound that is pleasant to hear.
 Presence of excessive or unwanted sounds in the environment is
called noise pollution.
 Major causes of noise pollution are sounds of vehicles, explosions
including bursting of crackers, machines, loudspeakers etc.
HARMS AND REMEDIES TO
CONTROL NOISE POLLUTION. HARMS OF NOISE POLLUTION
 Lack of sleep, hypertension (high bloodpressure), anxiety and many more health disorders may be
caused by noise pollution.
 A person who is exposed to a loud sound continuously may get temporary or even permanent
impairment of hearing
REMEDIES TO CONTROL NOISE POLLUATION
 All noisy operations must be conducted away from any residential area.
 Noise producing industries should be set up away from such areas.
 Use of automobile horns should be minimised.
 TV and music systems should be run at low volumes.
 Trees must be planted along the roads and around buildings to cut down on the sounds reaching the
residents, thus reducing the harmful effects of noise pollution.
 Silencing devices must be installed in air craft engines, transport vehicles, industrial machines and home
appliances.

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