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Week 3 - InterVLAN Routing

This document discusses inter-VLAN routing and describes three methods: legacy routing, router-on-a-stick, and layer 3 switching. It focuses on configuring legacy routing and router-on-a-stick. For legacy routing, VLANs are assigned to separate router interfaces using IP addresses from each VLAN subnet. For router-on-a-stick, a single router interface trunks multiple VLANs, and subinterfaces are used to route between VLANs by tagging frames. The configurations for switches and routers are outlined.

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162 views12 pages

Week 3 - InterVLAN Routing

This document discusses inter-VLAN routing and describes three methods: legacy routing, router-on-a-stick, and layer 3 switching. It focuses on configuring legacy routing and router-on-a-stick. For legacy routing, VLANs are assigned to separate router interfaces using IP addresses from each VLAN subnet. For router-on-a-stick, a single router interface trunks multiple VLANs, and subinterfaces are used to route between VLANs by tagging frames. The configurations for switches and routers are outlined.

Uploaded by

Qiu Le
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inter-VLAN Routing

Week 3
Network Switching and Routing
MOD003262
Inter-VLAN Routing Operation
What is Inter-VLAN Routing?
• Layer 2 switches cannot forward traffic between VLANs without the assistance of a router.

• Inter-VLAN routing is a process for forwarding network traffic from one VLAN to another, using a
router.

• There are three options for inter-VLAN routing:


• Legacy inter-VLAN routing
• Router-on-a-Stick
• Layer 3 switching using SVIs
Inter-VLAN Routing Operation
Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing
• In the past:
• Router interfaces were used to route between
VLANs.
• Each VLAN was connected to a different physical
router interface.
• Packets would arrive on the router through one
interface, be routed and leave through another.
• Because the router interfaces were connected to
VLANs and had IP addresses from that specific
VLAN, routing between VLANs was achieved.
• Large networks with large number of VLANs
required many router interfaces.

In this example, the router was configured with two separate physical
interfaces to interact with the different VLANs and perform the
routing.
Inter-VLAN Routing Operation
Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing
• The router-on-a-stick approach uses only one of the
router’s physical interface.
• One of the router’s physical interfaces is
configured as a 802.1Q trunk port so it can
understand VLAN tags.

• Logical subinterfaces are created; one


subinterface per VLAN.

• Each subinterface is configured with an IP


address from the VLAN it represents.

In this example, the R1 interface is configured as a trunk link and


• VLAN members (hosts) are configured to use the connects to the trunk F0/4 port on S1.
subinterface address as a default gateway. • Router accepts VLAN-tagged traffic on the trunk interface
• Router internally routes between the VLANs using subinterfaces.
• Router then forwards the routed traffic as VLAN-tagged for the
destination VLAN out the trunk link.
Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing
Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing: Preparation
• Legacy inter-VLAN routing requires routers to have
multiple physical interfaces.

• Each one of the router’s physical interfaces is


connected to a unique VLAN.

• Each interface is also configured with an IP address


for the subnet associated with the particular VLAN.

• Network devices use the router as a gateway to


access the devices connected to the other VLANs.
Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing
Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing: Switch Configuration

• Configure the VLANs on the switch and then


assign the ports to their respective VLANs.
• In this example, the S1 ports are configured
as follows:
• Ports F0/4 and F0/11 of S1 are on VLAN 10
• Ports F0/5 and F0/16 ports are on VLAN 30.
Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing
Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing: Router Interface Configuration

• Next configure the router interfaces.


Configure Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing
Configure Router-on-a Stick: Preparation
• An alternative to legacy inter-VLAN routing is to use
VLAN trunking and sub-interfaces.

• VLAN trunking allows a single physical router interface


to route traffic for multiple VLANs.

• The physical interface of the router must be connected


to a trunk link on the adjacent switch.

• On the router, subinterfaces are created for each


unique VLAN.

• Each subinterface is assigned an IP address specific to


its subnet or VLAN and is also configured to tag frames
for that VLAN.
Configure Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing
Configure Router-on-a Stick: Switch Configuration

• To enable inter-VLAN routing


using router-on-a stick, start by
enabling trunking on the switch
port that is connected to the
router.
Configure Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing
Configure Router-on-a Stick: Router Subinterface Configuration
• The router-on-a-stick method requires
subinterfaces to be configured for each routable
VLAN.
• The subinterfaces must be configured to
support VLANs using the encapsulation
dot1Q VLAN-ID interface configuration
command.
Configure Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing
Configure Router-on-a Stick: Verifying Subinterfaces
• By default, Cisco routers are configured to route traffic between local subinterfaces.
• As a result, routing does not specifically need to be enabled.
• Use the show vlan and show ip route commands to verify the subinterface configurations.

The show vlan command displays information about the The show ip route command displays the routing table containing
Cisco IOS VLAN subinterfaces.  the networks associated with outgoing subinterfaces. 
Configure Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing
Configure Router-on-a Stick: Verifying Routing
• Remote VLAN device connectivity can be tested using
the ping command.
• The command sends an ICMP echo request and when a
host receives an ICMP echo request, it responds with an
ICMP echo reply.

• Tracert is a useful utility for confirming the routed path taken


between two devices.

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