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Lesson 1.6 Earth Subsystem

The document discusses the Earth as a system composed of interconnected subsystems. It defines a system as a set of components interacting to form a unified whole. The Earth's major subsystems are the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Material cycles between these subsystems, with the sun and radioactive decay providing energy. The carbon, rock, and water cycles interconnect the subsystems and regulate conditions on Earth.

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Sheran Manlongat Ballesteros
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114 views39 pages

Lesson 1.6 Earth Subsystem

The document discusses the Earth as a system composed of interconnected subsystems. It defines a system as a set of components interacting to form a unified whole. The Earth's major subsystems are the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Material cycles between these subsystems, with the sun and radioactive decay providing energy. The carbon, rock, and water cycles interconnect the subsystems and regulate conditions on Earth.

Uploaded by

Sheran Manlongat Ballesteros
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1.6: Earth Systems


1.Define the concept of a system
2. Recognize the Earth as a system composed of subsystems

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Earth as a SYSTEM

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SYSTEM - A set of interconnected components that are
interacting to form a unified whole.

EXAMPLE of a system- ECOSYSTEM.


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(Organisms are interrelated and interacting)


The Earth system is essentially a CLOSED SYSTEM.

A closed system is a system in which


there is only an exchange of heat or
energy and no exchange of matter.

The Earth receives energy from the sun and


returns some of this energy to space.

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Components or subsystems
of the Earth system

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THE EARTH SUBSYSTEMS
Biosphere Hydrosphere

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Major Themes

SCALE ENERGY CYCLE

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Major Themes

Scale

Processes in the Earth system act on length scales


of microns to thousands of kilometers, and on
time scales of milliseconds to millions of years.

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Major Themes

Energy
The Earth system is powered by one external source: the
Sun

and two internal ones:

- radioactive decay
- gravitational energy (heat still being lost from
planetary formation).
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Major Themes

Cycles

Material in the Earth system is continually recycled in


numerous overlapping cycles.

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The
Carbon
Cycle
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The
Rock
Cycle

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The Hydrologic (Water)
Cycle

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Biosphere.
 The biosphere is the set of all life forms on Earth.
 It covers all ecosystems—from the soil to the
rainforest, from mangroves to coral reefs, and
from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep
sea.
 For the majority of life on Earth, the base of the
food chain comprises photosynthetic organisms.
During photosynthesis, CO2 is sequestered from
the atmosphere, while oxygen is released as a
byproduct. The biosphere is a CO2 sink, and
therefore, an important part of the carbon cycle.
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Biosphere

Includes all life


forms on Earth

It covers all ecosystems—from the soil to the


rainforest, from mangroves to coral reefs,
and from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the
deep sea.
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Photosynthesis

The Carbon Cycle

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Hydrosphere.
 About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid water
(hydrosphere) and much of it is in the form of ocean
water (Figure 3).
 Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-thirds are in the
form of ice, and the remaining one-third is present in
streams, lakes, and groundwater.
 • The oceans are important sinks for CO2 through direct
exchange with the atmosphere and indirectly through
the weathering of rocks.
 • Heat is absorbed and redistributed on the surface of
the Earth through ocean circulation.

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Hydrosphere

Dynamic mass of
water that is
continuously on the
move

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1. About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid
water (hydrosphere) and much of it is in the
form of ocean water.
2. Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-thirds
are in the form of ice, and the remaining
one-third is present in streams, lakes, and
groundwater.

The Hydrologic (Water)


Cycle
Precipitation, Evaporation, Runoff, Infiltration, etc...
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Atmosphere.
 Theatmosphere is the thin gaseous layer that
envelopes the lithosphere.
 The present atmosphere is composed of 78%
nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.9% argon, and
trace amount of other gases.
 Oneof the most important processes by which the
heat on the Earth's surface is redistributed is
through atmospheric circulation.
 Thereis also a constant exchange of heat and
moisture between the atmosphere and the
hydrosphere through the hydrologic cycle.
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Atmosphere

The atmosphere is the


thin gaseous layer that
envelopes the
lithosphere.

The present atmosphere is composed of 78%


nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.9%
argon, and trace amount of other gases.
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One of the most important processes by
which the heat on the Earth's surface is
redistributed is through atmospheric
circulation.

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Geosphere

The Solid Earth

extends from the


surface to the center

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Hydrologic Cycle

Condensation, Precipitation, Evaporation, Transpiration,


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Infiltration, Surface Runoff.
Lithosphere.
The lithosphere includes the
rocks of the crust and mantle,
the metallic liquid outer
core, and the solid metallic
inner core.

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LITHOSPHERE

The lithosphere
includes the crust and
the upper part of the
mantle.

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Layers of the Earth

CRUST (continental &


oceanic)

MANTLE (upper & lower)

CORE (outer & inner)

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CRUST

- It’s the light and very thin outer


skin of the Earth.
- The outermost layer where energy
and mineral resources are derived.

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Different elements that
compose the Earth’s CRUST
 Oxygen 46.60
 Silicon 27.72
 Aluminum 8.13
 Iron 5.00
 Calcium 3.63
 Sodium 2.83
 Potassium 2.59
 Magnesium 2.09
 Titanium 0.40
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 Hydrogen 0.14
MANTLE

- Less dense layer


- Made up of silicate rocks, mostly
made of the elements silicon,
oxygen, iron and magnesium.

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CORE

- Denser layer
- the Earth’s magnetic field
- strengthens the idea that the
Earth’s outer core is molten/liquid.

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Historical Development of
the concept of EARTH
SYSTEM

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4.6 Billion Years of
Interaction
Geosphere

Hydrosphere Biosphere

Atmosphere
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Connect to Earth

Create a concept map which explains how


the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere,
and biosphere are interconnected.

Use arrows and simple illustrations.

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Sources:
1. Ms. Laguda ppt. (Regional SHS
Mass Training of Grade 11
Teachers)
2.TG Earth & Life Science

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It’s Film showing Time !
James Lovelock used
the "Daisy World Model"
to illustrate how the
biosphere is capable of
regulating its
environment.

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The Albedo Effect …

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