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Topic 2 Computer Fraud (Part B) : by Hashvini Rekha Pachappan & Dr. Manique Cooray

This document discusses different types of computer fraud including data fraud, output fraud, input fraud, and unauthorized modification of computer content and wrongful communication. It defines computer fraud as stealing money or property by computer means such as using forged bank details. Common types are obtaining property by deception and false accounting. The document also examines Section 4 and 5 of the Computer Crimes Act 1997 regarding "ulterior motive offenses" and unauthorized modification of computer content.

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Agitha Gunasagran
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81 views

Topic 2 Computer Fraud (Part B) : by Hashvini Rekha Pachappan & Dr. Manique Cooray

This document discusses different types of computer fraud including data fraud, output fraud, input fraud, and unauthorized modification of computer content and wrongful communication. It defines computer fraud as stealing money or property by computer means such as using forged bank details. Common types are obtaining property by deception and false accounting. The document also examines Section 4 and 5 of the Computer Crimes Act 1997 regarding "ulterior motive offenses" and unauthorized modification of computer content.

Uploaded by

Agitha Gunasagran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC 2

COMPUTER FRAUD
(PART B)
B Y H A S H V I N I R E K H A PA C H A P PA N &
D R . M A N I Q U E C O O R AY
COMPUTER FRAUD?!
• To describe stealing money or property by • Using forged bank account details
means of a computer. • Comprises a collection of similar offences
• Money, cheque, credit cards, evade debt or such as obtaining property or services by
liability. deception, false accounting, false statements,
• Involves dishonestly giving instructions to cheating
transfer funds • Most are covered under the law of theft
TYPES OF COMPUTER FRAUDS
Data Fraud
- The person entering the data into the computer that makes changes
to the data.
- Differs from input fraud
TYPES OF COMPUTER FRAUDS
• Out Put Fraud: Suppression of data
• Printed reports generated by computer systems (must be printed)

– These reports may be suppressed either by destroying or not


printing them out or altering them. Motive: to hide something
(mens rea:intention)
– To conceal information
• Eg: conceal secret profits
TYPES OF COMPUTER FRAUDS

• In Put Fraud: Entry of unauthorized instructions


• This is unauthorized alteration of data prior to it being
input into a computer
– Making incorrect entries
– Giving incorrect data input forms to 3rd party to enter
into a system
S4 OF CCA 97: “ULTERIOR MOTIVE OFFENCE”
Elements
1. Satisfy section 3 –unauthorized access-Proof (AR S3(1) & MR S3(2))- DPP v Bignell

2. Either: Fraud, Dishonesty or injury In the S 24 of Penal Code read together with S4(1)(a) of
CCA.

S24 of PC
Whoever does anything with the intention(mr) of causing wrongful gain(ar) to one person, or
wrongful loss(ar) to another person, irrespective of whether the act causes actual wrongful loss
or gain, is said to do that thing “dishonestly.”
S4 OF CCA 97: “ULTERIOR MOTIVE OFFENCE”…CONTINUED
S23 of PC
• The word “wrongful” is not defined in the Code but the term “illegal” is defined in section 43
of PC to mean something which is prohibited by law.
S25 of PC
A person is said to do a thing fraudulently if he does that thing with intend to defraud, but not
otherwise.
For a deception to take place there must be some person or persons who will have been
deceived
Seet Soon Guan v Public Prosecutor [1955] 1 MLJ 223
S4 OF CCA 97: “ULTERIOR MOTIVE OFFENCE”…CONTINUED
Section 44 of PC
• The word injury denotes any harm whatever illegally caused to any person, in mind, reputation
or property.
.
S.5(1): OFFENCE OF UNAUTHORIZED MODIFICATION OF
COMPUTER CONTENT
• S2(7) & 2(8) CCA
• AR: Modification
• MR: Knowledge
• Penalty : S5(4)
S.6: THE OFFENCE OF WRONGFUL COMMUNIATION

S6(1) CCA
• AR : Communicates via number, code passwords or any other means other than the person
authorized to communicate.
• MR: Knowledge
Penalty : S6(2) CCA

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