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The document discusses various aspects of manufacturing including definitions, classifications, processes, operations, planning and scheduling. It defines manufacturing as the process of making products by hand or machine, and notes it involves changing materials' properties, geometry or appearance. It classifies manufacturing industries, discusses production types and capabilities. It also outlines the manufacturing process, basic operation types including shaping, property enhancing and surface processing. Finally, it discusses planning and scheduling in manufacturing which involves establishing requirements, routing, loading and sequencing work over time.

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Ina Suelen Penales
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© © All Rights Reserved
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22 views

Add Your Company Slogan

The document discusses various aspects of manufacturing including definitions, classifications, processes, operations, planning and scheduling. It defines manufacturing as the process of making products by hand or machine, and notes it involves changing materials' properties, geometry or appearance. It classifies manufacturing industries, discusses production types and capabilities. It also outlines the manufacturing process, basic operation types including shaping, property enhancing and surface processing. Finally, it discusses planning and scheduling in manufacturing which involves establishing requirements, routing, loading and sequencing work over time.

Uploaded by

Ina Suelen Penales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

“ Add your company slogan ”

LOGO
WHAT IS
MANUFACTURING?
 The word manufacture is
derived from two Latin
words, manus (hand) and
factus (make);
the combination means made
by hand. 
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 Technologically, manufacturing
is the application of physical and
chemical processes to alter the
geometry , properties, and/or
appearance of a given starting
material to make parts or
products

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 Economically, manufacturing
is the transformation of
materials into items of greater
value by means of one or
more processing and/or
assembly operations.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES

 Primary industries - cultivate and exploit natural


resources, such as agriculture and mining(ex.
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, livestock, quarries,
mining and petroleum)
 Secondary industries – take the outputs of the
primary industries and convert them into
consumer and capital goods.( aerospace,
apparel, automotive, basic metals, beverages,
computers, ….etc.)
 Tertiary industries – constitute the service
sector of the economy( ex. Banking, hotel,
education, communications, real state,
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 Consumer goods - are products
purchased directly by consumers,
such as cars, personal
computers…
 Capital goods – are those
purchased by companies to
produced goods and/or provide
service.
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 Production quantity – refers to the
number of units produced annually of
a particular product type.
• Low production – quantites in the range 1
to 100 units per year
• Medium production – from 100 to 10,000
units annually
• High production – 10,000 to millions of
units.

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 Product variety – refers to different
product designs or types that are
produced in the plant
 Manufacturing capability – refers to
the technical and physical limitations
of a manufacturing firm and each of
its plant.

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 Manufacturing capability can be
identified;
(1) technological processing
capability
(2) physical size, and weight of
product
(3) production capacity- the max.
rate of production that a plant can
achieve under assumed operating
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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

 Manufacturing process – is a
designed procedure that results in
physical and or/chemical changes
to a starting work material with
the intention of increasing the
value of that material.

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BASIC TYPES OF MANUFACTURING
OPERATION
 Processing operations – transforms a work
material from one state of completion to a more
advanced state that is closer to the final desired
product.
 Assembly operation – joins two or more
components to create a new entity, called an
assembly , sub assembly, or some refers to the
joining process.

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THREE CATEGORIES OF PROCESSING
OPERATIONS

 Shaping operations – processes include


casting, forging and machining.
 Property- enhancing operations - add
value to the material by improving its
physical properties without changing its
shape . Ex. Heat treatment
 Surface processing operations are
performed to clean, treat, coat, or deposit
material onto the exterior surface of the
work. Ex. Coating, painting
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FOUR CATEGORIES OF SHAPING
OPERATIONS

 Solidification processes – in which the starting


material is a heated liquid or semifluid that cools
and solidifies to form the part
 Particulate processing – in which the starting
material is a powder, and the powders are
formed and heated into desired geometry.
 Deformation processes – in which the starting
material is a ductile solid that is deformed to
shape the part.
 Material removal processes – are operations
that remove excess material from the starting
workpiece
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Manufacturing Technology
Technology
when it comes to technology, it
is best to work on the basics
first, before seriously
considering implementation
of the latest and best in
technology, be it hardware or
software
consider the following hierarchy:

 (1) basics,
 (2) simplification — taking
the basics and making
them work better by
simplifying them and making
them easier to utilize,
 (3) integration — making sure that the
basics in each area of the operations
management/manufacturing system are
working with each other rather than
against each other, (4) focus — making
sure that the basics we are implementing
are consistent with the strategic stance of
the firm, and
(5) technology — after we have done
everything that we can on the
preceding four dimensions, we are
ready and able to successfully
implement technology and take
advantage of it.

In other words, technology should


always come after basics, not before,
Planning a manufacturing systems

 Planning is a special activity that


is done before starting the project.
Most things in life workout better
if they are planned . Production is
no exception.
Benefits of Good Planning

 Good planning ensures a


smoother production run.
 There is less waste of
time, materials and
money
Production Planning

 It is a process used before


production starts.
 It refers to establishing the
requirements
Production planning gives answer to five basic questions:

 What is to be done?
 Who is to do it?
 Where is it to be done?
 How is it to be done?
 When is it to be done?
Planning Stage

 Routing/Loading
 Scheduling
Routing

 Routing is commonly understood as the


establishment of the path (direction) that a
specified shipment is to follow
 In production planning , routing means the
establishment of the path of the raw
materials and parts through processing to
finished products.
 It includes the specification of the
necessary work operations and their
sequences.
Route sheet

 Indicates how the work/job will


move from department to
department and from machine to
machine. It also specifies where
inspections are to take place.
LOADING

 is the assignment of work to men or


equipment without regard to when the
work will be exactly done.
Scheduling

 It involves specifying when(time) and


in what (operations) sequence the
work will be accomplished.
 Scheduling operations involves
planning the time element in the
production work.
Factors to be considered in scheduling:

 Delivery requirements for the finished product;


quantities and dates.
 Production capacity of plant facilities and
personnel
 Existing work loads, future commitment and
urgency (revealing time for new work )
 Time required for procurements of materials,
purchased parts, tooling and for other
preliminary work.
Cont..

 The amount of materials and


parts, including supplies on hand
and those available for new work.
 The time required to perform
individual production operations,
inspection and movement of
work.
Pre-requisites for scheduling

 Maintenance of up-to-date records on


the status of existing work loads and
future requirements of work centers
and machines.
 Considerable training of clerical help
entails the maintenance of an
effective communication to provide a
continuous flow
Activity 1
 Case Study 1- How Can Things Be So Wrong,
When Everything Seems To Be So Right?

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