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Cos Cos Cos Cos ) Sin 1 (: DX X XDX X DX X XDX X Cos

The document discusses techniques for evaluating integrals involving trigonometric functions. It provides examples of integrals of products of sines and cosines, powers of tangents and secants, and powers of sines and cosines. It also discusses integrals of products of cotangents and cosecants. Key steps include using trigonometric identities to express terms in terms of sines and cosines or tangents and secants, and occasionally using integration by parts.

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Mariel Sellote
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52 views20 pages

Cos Cos Cos Cos ) Sin 1 (: DX X XDX X DX X XDX X Cos

The document discusses techniques for evaluating integrals involving trigonometric functions. It provides examples of integrals of products of sines and cosines, powers of tangents and secants, and powers of sines and cosines. It also discusses integrals of products of cotangents and cosecants. Key steps include using trigonometric identities to express terms in terms of sines and cosines or tangents and secants, and occasionally using integration by parts.

Uploaded by

Mariel Sellote
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEC 8.

2: TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

Example
  
3 2
cos xdx cos x cos xdx
Find 
3
cos x dx

  (1  sin 2 x) cos xdx

Example


5 2
Find sin x cos x dx

  
5 2 4 2
sin x cos x dx sin x cos x sin x dx

  (1  cos 2 x) 2 cos 2 x sin xdx


TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

 sin
m n
x cos x dx

cos  odd sin  odd


n is odd m is odd

1 save one cos with dx 1 save one sin

2 use cos x  1- sin x


2 2
2 use sin 2
x  1- cos 2
x
to express the remaining to express the remaining
factors in terms of sin factors in terms of cos


5 2
sin x cos x dx
  
3 2
cos xdx cos x cos xdx
  sin 4 x cos 2 x sin x dx
TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

sin cos
odd even
even odd
odd odd
even even

sin  even 1 use half angle


cos  even sin 2 x  12 (1- cos 2 x)
cos 2 x  12 (1  cos 2 x)
 dx
4
sin
2 sometimes helpful to use
 1
4   1  cos 2 x  2
dx sin x cos x  12 sin 2 x
TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

Eliminating Square Roots

we use the identity

cos 2 x  12 (1  cos 2 x)

.to eliminate a square root

Example 

 1  cos 4 x dx
4
Find
0
TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

We can use a similar strategy to


evaluate integrals of the form

 tan
m n
x sec x dx

Example

 tan u  tan x  du  sec 2 xdx


6 4
Find x sec x dx
sec 2 x  1  tan 2 x

Example

 tan x sec x dx u  sec x  du  sec x tan xdx


5 3
Find
tan 2 x  1  sec 2 x
TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

 tan
m n
x sec x dx

sec  even tan  odd


n is even m is odd

1 save one sec 2 1 save one sec x tan x

2 use sec x  1  tan x


2 2
2 use tan 2
x  1  sec 2
x
to express the remaining to express the remaining
factors in terms of tan factors in terms of sec
EXAM-2
Term-082
TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

tan sec
odd even
even odd
odd odd
even even

tan sec
even odd

the guidelines are not as clear-cut. We may need to use identities,


integration by parts, and occasionally a little ingenuity.
TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

tan sec the guidelines are not as clear-cut. We may


even odd need to use identities, integration by parts, and
occasionally a little ingenuity.

Example If an even power of tangent appears with an

 xdx
3 odd power of secant, it is helpful to express
Find sec the integrand completely in terms of sec x

Powers of sec x may require integration by


parts, as shown in the following example.
TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

Example

 xdx
3
Find sec
TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

REMARK
Integrals of the form


m n
cot x csc x dx
can be found by similar methods because
of the identity

1  cot 2 x  csc 2 x

m n
cot x csc x dx

csc  even cot  odd


n is even m is odd

1 save one csc 2 1 save one csc x cot x


csc x  1  cot x
2 2
2 use cot 2 x  csc 2 x  1
2
to express the remaining to express the remaining
factors in terms of cot factors in terms of csc
EXAM-2
Term-122
Product of Sines and Cosines

 cos mx cos nx dx
 sin mx sin nx dx
 sin mx cos nx dx

EXAM-2 Term-122
TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

Products of Powers of Sines


Sines and and Cosines
Cosines

TRIGONOMETRI
C INTEGRALS

Eliminating
Powers of tan x Square
and sec x Roots
EXAM-2
Term-092

EXAM-2
Term-092
TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

function of tan and sec function of Sines and Cosines

  f (cos x)sin
2
f (tan x)sec
  xdx
   xdx

du du

 f (sec x)sec
  x tan xdx
du
  f (sin x)cos
  xdx

du

TRIGONOMETRI
C INTEGRALS

function of cot and csc


EXAM-2
 Term-092
2
f (cot x)csc
  xdx

du

 f (csc x)csc
  xcot xdx
du

EXAM-2
Term-092
EXAM-2
Term-092
EXAM-2
Term-092

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