BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
INTEL 8085
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Introduction to 8085
Introduced in 1977.
It is 8-bit MP.
It is a 40 pin dual-in-line chip.
It uses a single +5V supply for
its operations.
Its clock speed is about 3MHz.
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Block Diagram of 8085
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Three Units of 8085
Processing Unit
Instruction Unit
Storage and Interface Unit
4
Processing Unit
Arithmetic and Logic Unit
Accumulator
Status Flags
Temporary Register
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Instruction Unit
Instruction Register
Instruction Decoder
Timing and Control Unit
6
Storage and Interface Unit
General Purpose Registers
Stack Pointer
Program Counter
Increment/Decrement Register
Address Latch
Address/Data Latch
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Three Other Units
Interrupt Controller
Serial I/O Controller
Power Supply
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Accumulator
It the main register of microprocessor.
It is also called register ‘A’.
It is an 8-bit register.
It is used in the arithmetic and logic operations.
It always contains one of the operands on which
arithmetic/logic has to be performed.
After the arithmetic/logic operation, the contents of
accumulator are replaced by the result.
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Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
It performs various arithmetic and logic operations.
The data is available in accumulator and
temporary/general purpose registers.
Arithmetic Operations:
Addition, Subtraction, Increment, Decrement etc.
Logic Operations:
AND, OR, X-OR, Complement etc.
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Temporary Register
It is an 8-bit register.
It is used to store temporary 8-bit operand from
general purpose register.
It is also used to store intermediate results.
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Status Flags
Status Flags are set of flip-flops which are used to
check the status of Accumulator after the operation is
performed.
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Status Flags
S = Sign Flag
Z = Zero Flag
AC = Auxiliary Carry Flag
P = Parity Flag
CY = Carry Flag
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Status Flags
Sign Flag (S):
It tells the sign of result stored in Accumulator after the
operation is performed.
If result is –ve, sign flag is set (1).
If result is +ve, sign flag is reset (0).
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Status Flags
Zero Flag (Z):
It tells whether the result stored in Accumulator is zero
or not after the operation is performed.
If result is zero, zero flag is set (1).
If result is not zero, zero flag is reset (0).
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Status Flags
Auxiliary Carry Flag (AC):
It is used in BCD operations.
When there is carry in BCD addition, we add 0110 (6) to
the result.
If there is carry in BCD addition, auxiliary carry is set
(1).
If there is no carry, auxiliary carry is reset (0).
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Status Flags
Parity Flag (P):
It tells the parity of data stored in Accumulator.
If parity is even, parity flag is set (1).
If parity is odd, parity flag is reset (0).
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Program Status Word (PSW)
The contents of Accumulator and Status Flags clubbed
together is known as Program Status Word (PSW).
It is a 16-bit word.
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Instruction Register
It is used to hold the current instruction which the
microprocessor is about to execute.
It is an 8-bit register.
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Instruction Decoder
It interprets the instruction stored in instruction
register.
It generates various machine cycles depending upon
the instruction.
The machine cycles are then given to the Timing and
Control Unit.
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Timing and Control Unit
It controls all the operations of microprocessor and
peripheral devices.
Depending upon the machine cycles received from
Instruction Decoder, it generates 12 control signals:
S0 and S1 (Status Signals).
ALE (Address Latch Enable).
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Timing and Control Unit
RD (Read, active low).
WR (Write, active low).
IO/M (Input-Output/Memory).
READY
RESET IN
RESET OUT
CLK OUT
HOLD and HLDA
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General Purpose Registers
There are 6 general purpose registers, namely B, C, D, E, H, L.
Each of the them is 8-bit register.
They are used to hold data and results.
To hold 16-bit data, combination of two 8-bit registers can be
used.
This combination is known as Register Pair.
The valid register pairs are:
B – C, D – E, H – L.
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Program Counter
It is used to hold the address of next instruction to be
executed.
It is a 16-bit register.
The microprocessor increments the value of Program
Counter after the execution of the current instruction,
so that, it always points to the next instruction.
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Stack Pointer
It holds the address of top most item in the stack.
It is also 16-bit register.
Any portion of memory can be used as stack.
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Increment/Decrement Register
This register is used to increment or decrement the
value of Stack Pointer.
During PUSH operation, the value of Stack Pointer is
incremented.
During POP operation, the value of Stack Pointer is
decremented.
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Address Latch
It is group of 8 buffers.
The upper-byte of 16-bit address is stored in this latch.
And then it is made available to the peripheral devices.
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Address/Data Latch
The lower-byte of address and 8-bit of data are
multiplexed.
It holds either lower-byte of address or 8-bits of data.
This is decided by ALE (Address Latch Enable) signal.
If ALE = 1 then
Address/Data Latch contains lower-byte of address.
If ALE = 0 then
It contains 8-bit data.
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Serial I/O Controller
It is used to convert serial data into parallel and
parallel data into serial.
Microprocessor works with 8-bit parallel data.
Serial I/O devices works with serial transfer of data.
Therefore, this unit is the interface between
microprocessor and serial I/O devices.
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Interrupt Controller
It is used to handle the interrupts.
There are 5 interrupt signals in 8085:
TRAP
RST 7.5
RST 6.5
RST 5.5
INTR
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Interrupt Controller
Interrupt controller receives these interrupts according
to their priority and applies them to the
microprocessor.
There is one outgoing signal INTA which is called
Interrupt Acknowledge.
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Power Supply
This unit provides +5V power supply to the
microprocessor.
The microprocessor needs +5V power supply for its
operation.
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