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Chapter 3

The document provides a lecture summary on analyzing electric circuits using nodal analysis. It begins with an introduction to Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's law for circuit analysis. It then describes the nodal analysis method, which involves (1) selecting a reference node, (2) assigning voltages to non-reference nodes, (3) applying Kirchhoff's current law at each node, and (4) solving the resulting equations. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying nodal analysis, including handling super nodes formed by voltage sources between nodes. The document concludes by welcoming any questions.

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Magdi Saadawi
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
60 views

Chapter 3

The document provides a lecture summary on analyzing electric circuits using nodal analysis. It begins with an introduction to Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's law for circuit analysis. It then describes the nodal analysis method, which involves (1) selecting a reference node, (2) assigning voltages to non-reference nodes, (3) applying Kirchhoff's current law at each node, and (4) solving the resulting equations. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying nodal analysis, including handling super nodes formed by voltage sources between nodes. The document concludes by welcoming any questions.

Uploaded by

Magdi Saadawi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫رب اشرح لى صدرى ويسر لى أمرى واحلل عقدة من‬


‫لسانى يفقهوا قولى‬
‫صدق اهلل العظيم‬

Dr. Mohammed Saeed


E-mail : [email protected]

https://www.facebook.com/aboarwa1

Monday, October 05, 2 Dr. Mohammed Saeed 1


020
Electrical & ELECTRONIC
Engineering
Course Code: EE 5214
Lecture : 4

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020
Chapter 3

Analysis Methods of
Electric Circuits

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020
1- Nodal Voltage Method
If you are given the following circuit, how can we
determine (1) the voltage across each resistor, (2) current
through each resistor. (3) power generated by each current
source, etc.

What are the things which we need to know in order


to determine the answers?
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020
Things we need to know in solving any resistive circuit
with current and voltage sources only:

• Kirchhoff’s Current Laws (KCL)


• Kirchhoff’s Voltage Laws (KVL)
• Ohm’s Law

How should we apply these laws to determine


the answers?
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020
It provides a general procedure for
analyzing circuits using node voltages as
the circuit variables.

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020
Steps to determine the node voltages:

1. Select a node as the reference node.


2. Assign voltages v1,v2,…,vn-1 to the remaining n-1
nodes. The voltages are referenced with respect to the
reference node.
3. Apply KCL to each of the n-1 non-reference nodes.
Use Ohm’s law to express the branch currents in
terms of node voltages.
4. Solve the resulting simultaneous equations to obtain
the unknown node voltages.

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020
Apply KCl at node 1
and 2 v1 v2

3
v1 = -2V, v2 = -14V

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020
Example:

(a) For the circuit shown in Figure, use the node-voltage method to find v1,
v2, and i1.

(b) How much power is delivered to the circuit by the 15 A source.

(c) Repeat (b) for the 5 A source.

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020
Solution:

(a) The two node voltage equations are:

Place these equations in standard form:

Solving, v1 = 60 V and v2 = 10 V;

Therefore, i1 = (v1 − v2 )/5 = 10 A

(b) P15A = − (15 A)v1 = − (15 A)(60 V) = − 900 W = 900 W(delivered)

(c) P5A = (5 A)v2 = (5 A)(10 V) = 50 W= − 50 W(delivered)

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020
Example:

(a) Use the node – voltage method to find the power associated with each
source in the circuit shown.

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020
Solution

Solving, v1 = 32 V; v2 = 16 V; i1 = 3 A

Using these values to calculate the power associated with each source:

P50V = − 50i1 = − 150 W

P5A = − 5(v2 ) = − 80 W

P3i1 = 3i1 (v2 − v1 ) = − 144 W

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020
Example –circuit with independent voltage source

How to handle the 2V voltage source?

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020
A super-node is formed by enclosing a
(dependent or independent) voltage source
connected between two non-reference nodes and
any elements connected in parallel with it.

*Note: We analyze a circuit with super-nodes


using the same three steps mentioned above
except that the super-nodes are treated
differently.

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020
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020
we consider nodes 2 and 3 to be a single node and simply sum the
currents away from the node in terms of the node voltages v2 and v3.

Considering nodes 2 and 3 to be a supernode


When a voltage source is between two essential nodes, we can combine
those nodes to form a supernode.

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020
First we eliminate v1 from the equation because we know that v1
=50 V. Next we express v3 as a function of v2:

v3 = v2 + 10iϕ

We now express the current controlling the dependent voltage


source as a function of the node voltages:

v1 = 50V

v3 = 60 + 20 = 80 V.

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020
Thank You
And
Any Question?

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020

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