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Prof. Dr. Magdi El-Saadawi: Web Site: E-Mail

This document contains a lecture on electrical circuit elements given by Prof. Dr. Magdi El-Saadawi. The lecture covers Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws, the polarity of voltage drops in active and passive elements, power dissipation in resistors, and worked examples applying Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's laws to calculate currents, voltages, resistance, and power in circuits. The document includes diagrams to illustrate the concepts and step-by-step solutions to example circuit analysis problems.

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Magdi Saadawi
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views

Prof. Dr. Magdi El-Saadawi: Web Site: E-Mail

This document contains a lecture on electrical circuit elements given by Prof. Dr. Magdi El-Saadawi. The lecture covers Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws, the polarity of voltage drops in active and passive elements, power dissipation in resistors, and worked examples applying Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's laws to calculate currents, voltages, resistance, and power in circuits. The document includes diagrams to illustrate the concepts and step-by-step solutions to example circuit analysis problems.

Uploaded by

Magdi Saadawi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫رب اشرح لى صدرى ويسر لى أمرى واحلل عقدة‬


‫من لسانى يفقهوا قولى‬
‫صدق هللا العظيم‬

Prof. Dr. Magdi El-Saadawi


Web site: www.saadawi1.net

E-mail : [email protected]

10/05/20 Prof. Dr. Magdi El-Saadawi 1


Electrical & ELECTRONIC
Engineering
Course Code: EE 5214
Lecture : 3

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Chapter 2

Electrical Circuit
Elements

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Kirchhoff’s Current Law
• At any instant the algebraic sum of the currents flowing into any
junction in a circuit is zero
• ‫مجموع التيارات الداخلة ألى نقطة = مجموع التيارات الخارجة منها‬

• For example

I1 – I2 – I3 = 0
I2 = I1 – I3
= 10 – 3
=7A

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Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
• At any instant the algebraic sum of the voltages around any loop
in a circuit is zero
‫فى أى مسار مغلق لدائرة كهربية يكون المجموع الجبرى لتغيرات الجهد حول هذا المسار‬
‫المغلق يساوى صفر‬
• For example

E – V1 – V2 = 0
V1 = E – V2
= 12 – 7
= 5V

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‫‪Polarity of Voltage Drops‬‬
‫‪– In the active element‬‬

‫إتجاه التيار من السالب الى الموجب‬


‫) ي‪cc‬خرج ا‪c‬تجاه‪ c‬لا‪cc‬تيار من لا‪cc‬قطب لا‪cc‬موجب(‬

‫‪– In the passive element‬‬

‫إتجاه التيار من الموجب الى السالب‬


‫سا‪cc‬ب(‬
‫) ي‪cc‬خرج ا‪c‬تجاه‪ c‬لا‪cc‬تيار من لا‪cc‬قطب لا‪ cc‬ل‬

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• As the current encounters the 5 Ω resistance,
the polarity of this voltage drop is negative (-).

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• It should be understood that polarity has
nothing to do with Ohm’s Law: there will
never be negative voltages, currents, or
resistance entered into any Ohm’s Law
equations! There are other mathematical
principles of electricity that do take polarity
into account through the use of signs (+ or -),
but not Ohm’s Law.

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Example

Obtain the voltage v in the branch shown in Figure for i2 = 1A.

Solution

Voltage v is the sum of the current-


independent 10-V source and the
current-dependent voltage source vx.

Note that the factor 15 multiplying the


control current carries the units Ω.

Therefore, v = 10 + vx = 10 + 15(1) = 25 V

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Power Dissipation in Resistors
• The instantaneous power dissipation P of a
resistor is given by the product of the voltage
across it and the current passing through it.
Combining this result with Ohm’s law gives:

P = VI

P = I2R

P = V2/R

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‫‪Total power generated = Total power dissipated‬‬

‫بالنسبة للمصدر لو بيعطى قدرة تكون اشارتها بالسالب (يسلم)‬

‫ولو بيسحب قدرة من الدائرة تكون اشارتها بالموجب (يستهلك)‬

‫‪10/05/20‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Magdi El-Saadawi‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬


Solved Examples p. 39
Example 2.15:

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P.41
Example: For the circuit shown, calculate (a) i5; (b) v1; (c) v2; (d) v5; the
power delivered by the 24 V source

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P.43

Example: Use Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s laws to find the value
of R in the circuit shown.

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P.45

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Current Voltage Power Power
Element
)µA( )V( Equation )µW(

V5 25 5 p = −vi 125−

kΩ 54 25 1.35 p = Ri2 33.75

V1 25 1 p = −vi 25−

kΩ 6 775 4.65 p = Ri2 3603.75

Dep. source 750 2− p = −vi 1500

kΩ 1.8 750 1.35 p = Ri2 1012.5

V8 750 8 p = −vi 6000−

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(c) The total power generated in the circuit is the sum of the negative
power values in the power table:

− 1 2 5 µW + − 2 5 µW + − 6 0 0 0 µW = − 6 1 5 0 µW

Thus, the total power generated in the circuit is 6 1 5 0 µW.

(d) The total power absorbed in the circuit is the sum of the positive
power values in the power table:

3 3 . 7 5 µW + 3 6 0 3 . 7 5 µW + 1 5 0 0 µW + 1 0 1 2 . 5
µW = 6 1 5 0

µW Thus, the total power absorbed in the circuit is 6 1 5 0 µW.

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Thank You
And
Any Question?

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