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EIT Presentation

This document discusses electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) in a four-level atomic system. EIT is a quantum interference effect that can render an otherwise absorbing medium transparent within a narrow spectral range. The document defines EIT and describes the principles of EIT using a lambda-type three-level system. It presents the effect of a driving field on the absorption and dispersion characteristics of a four-level system through numerical simulations. The conclusions drawn are that the transparency window and group velocity can be manipulated by changing the driving field strength, and that high driving fields can combine two independent V-type solutions.

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soumyarup adhikary
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109 views

EIT Presentation

This document discusses electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) in a four-level atomic system. EIT is a quantum interference effect that can render an otherwise absorbing medium transparent within a narrow spectral range. The document defines EIT and describes the principles of EIT using a lambda-type three-level system. It presents the effect of a driving field on the absorption and dispersion characteristics of a four-level system through numerical simulations. The conclusions drawn are that the transparency window and group velocity can be manipulated by changing the driving field strength, and that high driving fields can combine two independent V-type solutions.

Uploaded by

soumyarup adhikary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Definition of EIT
3. Quantum Interference
4. Principle of EIT
5. Effect of driving field on four level system
6. Electric susceptibility and refractive index
7. Absorption and Dispersion
8. Numerical Results
9. Conclusion
10.Reference
INTRODUCTION

To study the Effect of additional Electric field on absorption and


dispersion characteristics of a four level atomic system we need to know
about ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY .

• The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced


transparency (EIT) was discovered by Adriano Gozzini
and coworkers in 1976 in Pisa.
This ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCED TRANSPARENCY
is based upon “ Quantum Interference”
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCED
TRANSPARENCY

Definition:- Electromagnetically
induced transparency (EIT) is
a Quantam interference phenomena
which renders a medium transparent
 within a narrow spectral range
around an absorption line.
QUANTUM INTERFERENCE
Quantum interference is due to Example of Atomic Hydrogen
the superposition of two
coherent states which creates a
symmetric and a anti
symmetric state.
This symmetric state is called
bright state and anti symmetric
state is called dark state.

DC field mixes the 2s and 2p states and then splits


PRINCIPLE OF EIT

 Bare atomic states in Lambda


type scheme with |1 |2
transition dipole forbidden

 Highly absorbing atomic


medium  Coupled with strong coupling field (red)

 Becomes transparent at a weak probe field


(blue)
PRINCIPLE OF EIT

Rabi frequencies of probe and coupling Dressed states due to quantum


fields: interference:
PRINCIPLE OF EIT
Transition amplitude from ground states to dressed state.
[1||++1||-]~[1||2+1||3+1||2-1||
3]
= 12+13+12-13

As |1>  |2> transition is dipole forbidden so μ 12 =0


Absorption reduces to zero now and the system is driven
now to EIT.
REFRACTIVE INDEX AND ELECTRIC
SUSCEPTIBILITY
•   atomic density matrix of an atom can be derived from the Liouville
The
equation

H is the Hamiltonian, relax is the relaxation operator and


ρ is density matrix operator
ELECTRIC SUSCEPTIBILITY IS RELATED TO DENSITY MATRIX
ELEMENT
DISPERSION & ABSORPTION IN LAMDA
SYSTEM

Re(χ) denotes the dispersion and Im(χ) denotes the absorption of the probe signal

• When Control laser is off, there is absorption at resonance frequency.


• when control laser is on, there is a transparency window around absorption
frequency.
OBSERVATIONS ON FOUR LEVEL SYSTEM
NUMERICAL RESULTS
• Pure V-type medium
• No driving field applied

 Absorption curve has minimum at two photon resonance


 Maximum at symmetrical detuned points
 Normal dispersion and subluminal propagation of light
at two photon resonance
NUMERICAL RESULTS
• Small driving field
applied

• Anomalous dispersion
at resonant frequency
region
Maximum absorption at two photon resonance with a shifted
transparency window.
Superluminal propagation of light at two photon resonance
NUMERICAL RESULTS
• Curves for higher values of driving field
 Combination of
two independent V
type solution

 Shift of
transparency
window to opposite
detuning

 Back to subluminal
propagation of light
at two photon
resonance
CONCLUSION
On observing the four level system we can conclude—
• Manipulation of transparency window with changing driving field .
• Manipulation of group velocity with changing of driving field.
• At high driving field absorption ( dispersion ) become combination of two
independent V – type system.
• As we can achieve subluminal propagation( velocity of can be reduced to
17m/s) of light using driving field so that scientists think about optical black
hole.
REFERENCE
• [1] O. A. Kocharovskaya and Y. I. Khanin, Jetp Letters 48, 630-634 (1988).
• [2] S. E. Harris, Physical Review Letters 62, 1033-1036 (1989).
• [3] Harris S E, Phys. Today 50 (1997) 36.
• [4] Harris S E, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (1989) 1033; Scully M O, Zhu S–Y, Phys Rev Lett 62 (1989) 2813.
• [5] Scully M O and Zhu S-Y, Opt Commun. 87 (1992) 134; Xu W H, Wu J H and Gao J Y, Eur. Phys D 30 (2004) 137.
• [6] Hau L V, Harris S E, Dutton Z, Behroozi, Nature (London) 397 (1999) 594; Wang L J, Kuzmich A, Dogariu A, Nature (London)
406 (2000) 277.

• [7] G. S. Agarwal and W. Harshawardhan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1039 (1996).
• [8] D. McGloin, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36, 2861 (2003).
• [9] Y. Wu, J. Saldana and Y. Zhu, Phys. Rev. A 67, 13811 (2003).
• [10] L. V. Hau, S. E. Harris, Z. Dutton and C. H. Behroozi, Nature 397, 594-598 (1999).
• [11] S. E. Harris, J. E. Field and A. Kasapi, Physical Review A 46, R29-R32 (1992).
• [12] U. Leonhardt and P. Piwnicki, Physical Review Letters 84, 822-825 (2000).
• [13] S. M. Hawking, Nature 248, 30 (1974).
THANK YOU

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