CADD

What is the CADD?

• CADD-Computer Aided Designing and Drafting
• CADD is an electronic tool that enables us to
make quick and accurate drawings
• CADD has number of advantages over
drawings created on a drawing board.
• Electronic drawings can be modified quite
easily and can be represented in a variety of
formats.
 Expectations form CADD
• Presentations
• Flexibility in editing
• Unit and accuracy levels
• Storage and access for drawings
• Sharing CADD drawings
 About AutoCAD
• AutoCAD is a Computer Aided Design (CAD) program used
by just about every Engineering and Design office in the
world
• Autodesk's AutoCAD is the industry leader in CAD
packages
• Autodesk is the world’s leading company for developing
software and solutions for state of the art high-end
Computer Aided Design and Computer Generated Imagery.
• It is an American multinational corporation that focuses on
2D and 3D design software for use in architecture,
engineering and building construction, manufacturing, and
media and entertainment.
 History
Autodesk was founded in 1982 by John Walker, a coauthor of
early versions of the company's flagship CAD software product
AutoCAD, and twelve others. It is headquartered in San Rafael,
California.

 Autodesk's first notable product was AutoCAD, a CAD

application designed to run on the systems known as
"microcomputers" at the time, including those running the 8-bit
CP/M operating system and two of the new 16-bit systems, the
Victor 9000 and the IBM Personal Computer (PC). This CAD tool
allowed users to create detailed technical drawings, and was
affordable to many smaller design, engineering, and
architecture companies.
 Introduction
• AutoCAD is a software application for computer-aided design
(CAD) and drafting. The software supports both 2D and 3D formats.
The software is developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc. 
• AutoCAD is Autodesk's flagship product and by March 1986 had
become the most ubiquitous microcomputer design program in the
world, utilizing functions such as "polylines" and "curve fitting". Prior
to the introduction of AutoCAD, most other CAD programs ran
on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator
(user) working at a graphical terminal or workstation.
• According to Autodesk company information, the AutoCAD software is
now used in a range of industries, employed by architects, project
managers and engineers, amongst other professions, and training
centers had been established across the world to educate users about
the company's primary products.
• The Word AutoCAD is made up of two words
“Auto(logo of company)”and CAD “(computer
aided design)”.
• AutoCAD is 2D and 3D modeling software.
• It is developed by Autodesk company.
• Autodesk is an U.S.A based company.
• It is widely used in industry for 2D drawing and
3D modeling.
• In another way we can say that AutoCAD is a
designing course , which is performed by the
help of computer.
AUTOCAD SCREEN
WAY TO PROVIDE COMMAND

1.

2.

3.
 HOW AutoCAD WORKS
 There is a co-ordinate system used in AutoCAD.
 Every drawing shows its co-ordinate.
 In above next slide the line shows its co-ordinate that is
( 9,6 ) and (-10,-4).
 There is so many commands like copy, move, rotate,
mirror in 2D, path array, rectangular array, polar array &
more.
 Different types of drawing can be made in the same
time by using a command that is LAYER.
 Using line , arc , circle , rectangle , ellipse & polygon , so
many drawing of different type can be made
 CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM
 Every thing that we draw in AutoCAD is exact.
 All object drawn on screen is based on simple X-Y co-
ordinate system.
 In AutoCAD it is known as world co-ordinate system
(WCS).
 We are drawing a line, so we have two points A(-10,-4)
and B(9,6). As shown in figure.
DRAW TOOLBAR AND MODIFY TOOLBAR :
DIMENSION TOOLBAR :
 HOW TO SET DRAWING UNITS.

To set the drawing units, go to the drop down window at the top let side
of the AutoCAD 2013 screen labeled as Format or just press Alt + o key
to do so. And from this menu select units. A pop up window will appear
that will set our drawing units as shown below
TEXT COMMAND IN AUTOCAD
BLOCK MAKING:
So, setting up a Block looks like this:
First, we select all the objects that we want to add to the block and type in Block in the
AutoCAD Commands window, and hit "Enter"
The window that pops up will prompt us for a number of fields, but the
most important is "Name". For example "School Chair". There will be
three options for handling objects. The first is "Retain" - this is
effectively using the "Group" command to group all objects into one
"thingy" for manipulation. Convert to Block gets rid of all the separate
instances that make up the object, but makes it a block. "Delete" is
really horribly misnamed. It converts the object to a block, and then
deletes it from the current drawing - but it's still loaded up and ready
to be replicated throughout the drawing.
Insertion of Blocks
To insert a saved block, go to the Insert menu, then Blocks, and select
the name of the saved block you want to include; it'll appear at the point
that you last clicked with the mouse. When the Block Definition window is
opened, you can click the button by the words "Base Point" and define the
default position in the drawing for inserted blocks to appear, which can be
a real time saver. You should also make sure that the units selected from
the drop down menu match the units you're doing your drawing in; it's
generally going to match by default, but it's the first place to look when
you're tweaking something that's not working.
BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD
• Measuring Commands
 
GRID (F7):
Displays a grid of dots at a desired spacing on the screen.
Command: GRID (enter)
On/Off/Tick spacing(x)/Aspect: (enter value) (enter)

SNAP (F9):
Specifies a "round off" interval so that points entered with the
mouse can be locked into alignment with the grid spacing.
Command: SNAP (enter)
On/Off/Value/Aspect/Rotate/Style: (enter value) (enter)
 Basic Draw Commands
CIRCLE (C):
Draws circles of any size.
Command: Circle (enter)
3P/2P/TTR/<center point>: (pick a center point)
Diameter or <Radius>: (Pick a point on the circle)

 
LINE (L):
Draws straight lines between two points
Command: LINE (enter)
From Point: (pick a point using the mouse)
To Point: (Pick a point using the mouse)
To Point: (Press return to end the command)
ARC (A):
Draws an arc (any part of a circle or curve)
through three known points.
Command: ARC (enter)
Center/ < Start point > : (pick the first point on the
arc)
Center/End/ < Second point > :C
Center: (pick the arc's center point)
Angle/Length of chord/ <End point > : (pick the
arc endpoint)
 Display Commands

LIMITS:
Sets the size of the drawing paper. For
size "A" drawing paper the limits should be
set for 10.5 x 8. 
Command: LIMITS (enter)
On/Off/Lower left corner <0.0000> (enter)
Upper right corner: 10.5,8 (enter)
ZOOM (Z):
Enlarges or reduces the display of a drawing.
Command: ZOOM (enter)
All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Left/Previous/V
max/Window/<Scale(x/XP)>:
(pick a point to define one corner of a rectangular
viewing window then pick a point to define the second
point to define the opposite diagonal corner of the
viewing window).
PAN:
Allows we to move were view point
around the drawing without changing the
magnification factor.
Command: PAN (enter)
 Editing Commands
ERASE (E):
Erases entities from the drawing. 
Command: ERASE (enter)
Select objects or Window or Last: (Select
objects to be erased and press enter when
finished)
TRIM (TR):
Trims a line to end precisely at a cutting edge. 

Command: Trim (enter) 

Select cutting edge(s)... Select Objects (pick the line which

represents the cutting edge of line in which objects will be
trimmed to)(press enter when finished selecting cutting
edges)<Select object to trim>/Undo: (pick the line(s) that need
to be trimmed).
 Construction Commands
ARRAY (AR):
  Makes multiple copies of selected objects in a
rectangular or circular pattern Command: ARRAY (enter)

Select objects or Window or Last: (select object to array)

Rectangular or Polar array (R/P) <current>: (P)
Center point of array: (pick the point around which to
form the array)
Angle to fill (+=CCW, -=Cw) <360>: (enter)
COPY (CO):
Draws a copy of selected objects.
 
Command: COPY (enter)
Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to be copied)
 
Base point or displacement: (pick a point onthe object to be
use as a reference point)
  Second point of displacement: (pick a point which
represents the new location of the copied object) 
MIRROR (MI):
Makes mirror images of existing objects.

Command: MIRROR (enter)

Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to be
mirrored)
First point of mirror line: (pick a point on top of the mirror
line)
Second point: (pick a point on the bottom of the mirror
line)
Delete old objects? <N> y or n (enter)
MOVE (M):
Moves designated entities to another location.
 
Command: MOVE (enter)
Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to move)  
Base point or displacement: (pick a point on the object to
be use as a reference point)
Second point of displacement: (pick a point which
represents the new location of the object) 
OFFSET (O):
Constructs an entity parallel to another entity at a specified
distance. Offset can be used with lines, circles, arcs, and
polylines.
 
Command: OFFSET (enter)
Offset distance or Through<last>: (enter a distance value)
Select object to offset: (select object to offset)
Side to offset: (Pick any point on the side of the object we
wish to offset)
FILLET (FI):
Changes any corner to a rounded corner.

Command: FILLET
Polyline/Radius/Angle/Trim/Method/ <Select first
line > : (pick the first line)
Select second line: (pick the second line)
CHAMFER (CHA):
Changes any corner to an angled corner.
 
Command: CHAMFER
Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/ < Select
first line > : (pick the first line)
Select second line: (pick the second line)
FIT:
The term fit is used to signify the range tightness or looseness
which may result from the application of combination of allowances
and tolerance on the basic dimension of two mating parts.

ALLOWANCES:
An allowance may be either positive (+) or negative (-) according
to the type of fit required. If the condition is such that the shaft is
smaller than the hole that there is positive allowance, but if the
shaft is larger than the hole, we save that there is negative
allowance

TOLERANCE:
Definition the difference between the upper limit dimension
and lower limit dimension on basic size of a component is term as
tolerance. Usually it is expressed in microns (1micron =.001mm)
 POSITION TOLERANCE:
Form Symbols

Parallelism
 

Perpendicularity
 

Angularity
 

Position
 

Concentricity
 

Symmetry
 
 
BASIC 2D DRAWING – Auto CAD
ASSEMBLY OF SLEEVE AND COTTER JOINT
ASSEMBLY OF SPIGOT AND COTTER JOINT
ASSEMBLY OF SIMPLE ECCENTRIC
ASSEMBLY OF SCREW JACK
ASSEMBLY OF PISTON
 CREATION OF TITLE BLOCK
Command: limits
Reset Model space limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: 0,0
Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 500,500
 
Command: zoom
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: all
Regenerating model
 
Command: LINE
Specify first point: 100,150
Specify next point or [Undo]: @230,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,130
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-230,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: close
Command: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] <25.0000>: 25
Select object to offset or <exit>: LINE 1
Specify point on side to offset: ↑ UPSIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: ENTER
 
Command: LINE
Specify first point: 190,125
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,45
Specify next point or [Undo]: @140,0 ENTER
 
Command: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] <25.0000>: 15
Select object to offset or <exit>: LINE 2
Specify point on side to offset: ↑ UPSIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: LINE 3
Specify point on side to offset: ↑ UPSIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: LINE 3
Specify point on side to offset: ↑ UPSIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: LAST CRAEATED LINE ENTER
Command: LINE
Specify first point: 190,170
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,60 ENTER
 
Command: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] <25.0000>: 15
Select object to offset or <exit>: LINE A
Specify point on side to offset: ↑ UPSIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: LAST CREATED LINE
Specify point on side to offset: ↑ UPSIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: LAST CREATED LINE
Specify point on side to offset: ↑ UPSIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: ENTER
 
Command: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] <25.0000>: 20
Select object to offset or <exit>: LINE B
Specify point on side to offset: →RIGHT PSIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: ENTER
Command: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] <25.0000>: 50
Select object to offset or <exit>: LAST CREATED LINE
Specify point on side to offset: →RIGHT PSIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: ENTER
 
Command: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] <25.0000>: 35
Select object to offset or <exit>: LAST CREATED LINE
Specify point on side to offset: →RIGHT SIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: LAST CREATED LINE
Specify point on side to offset: →RIGHT SIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: ENTER
CREATING THE TEXT
 
Command: Text
Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 0.2000
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: 105,118
Specify height <0.2000>: 3.5
Specify rotation angle of text <0>: 0
Enter text: TITLE
  
Command: Text
Current text style: "Standard” Text height: 0.2000
 Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: 115,105
Specify height <0.2000>: 7.5
Specify rotation angle of text <0>: 0
Enter text: LAYOUT
 
Command: Text
Current text style: "Standard” Text height: 0.2000
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: 225,105
Specify height <0.2000>: 7.5
Specify rotation angle of text <0>: 0
Enter text: NAME
 
  
CREATING THE PROJECTION SYMBOL
 
Command: circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 235,147.5
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <25.0000>: D
Specify diameter of circle <50.0000>: 30
 
Command: circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 235,147.5
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <15.0000>: D
Specify diameter of circle <30.0000>: 15 ENTER
 
Command: LINE
Specify first point: 260,162.5
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,-30
Specify next point or [Undo]: @40,7.5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,15
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-40,7.54
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Close
CREATION OF 3D MODEL OF V BLOCK
Command: V point
  Specify a view point or [Rotate] <display compass and tripod>: 1,-1,1
Regenerating model.
 
Command: shade mode
Enter option [2D wireframe / 3D wireframe / Hidden / Flat / Gouraud / f
Lat + edges / g Ouraud + edges ] < Flat + Edges > : 3d
 
Command: line
Specify first point :pick any point
Specify next point or [Undo]: @30,0,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,0,20
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-5,0,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-10,0,-10
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-10,0,10
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-5,0,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Command: ext

EXTRUDE
Select objects: select object
Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 30
Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>: 0 ENTER

Command: region
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 6 found
Select objects:
 1 loop extracted.
1 Region created.
 ISOMETRIC DRAWING
Command: snap
Specify snap spacing or [ON/OFF/Aspect/Rotate/Style/Type] <0.5000>: style
Enter snap grid style [Standard/Isometric] <S>: isometric
Specify vertical spacing <0.5000>: ENTER
 
Command: line
Specify first point:
Specify next point or [Undo]: 90
Specify next point or [Undo]: 120
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 70
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 20
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 120
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 70
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: close
 
Command: line
Specify first point: pick any point
Specify next point or [Undo]: 60

Command: copy
Select the object: select the line
Specify base of displacement: pick the point ENTER
 2D VIEW OF V BLOCK
(front view, top view and side view)
Command: limits
Reset Model space limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF]
<0.0000,0.0000>: 0,0
Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 300,300
 
Command: zoom
[All / Center / Dynamic / Extents / Previous / Scale /
Window] <real time> : all
Regenerating model.
FRONT VIEW
Command: Line
Specify first point: pick any point
Specify next point or [Undo]: @5<180
Specify next point or [Undo]: @20< 270
Specify next point or [Undo]: @30<0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @20<90
Specify next point or [Undo]: @5<180
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Close
 
Command: Line
Specify first point: (SELECT END 1)
Specify next point or [Undo]: @14.1<315 ENTER
 
Command: Line
Specify first point: (SELECT END 2)
Specify next point or [Undo]: @14.1<225 ENTER
TOP VIEW
Command: Line
Specify first point: pick any point with reference to front view
Specify next point or [Undo]: @30<0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @30<270
Specify next point or [Undo]: close

Command: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] <25.0000>:5
Select object to offset or <exit>: LINE 1
Specify point on side to offset: ↑ UPSIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: ENTER

Command: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] <25.0000>:10
Select object to offset or <exit>: LINE 2
Specify point on side to offset: → RIGHT SIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: ENTER
SIDE VIEW
  Command: Line
Specify first point: pick any point with reference to front view
Specify next point or [Undo]: @30<0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @20<90
Specify next point or [Undo]: @30<180
Specify next point or [Undo]: close
 
Command: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] : 10 
Select object to offset or <exit>: SELECT LINE
Specify point on side to offset: ↑ UPSIDE
Select object to offset or <exit>: ENTER
 
Command: Text
Specify starting point: pick any point
Specify the height: 5
Type the text: front view, top view, side view