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Reynolds Transport Theorem

1. The Reynolds Transport Theorem relates the rate of change of an extensive property within a control volume to the rate of change within a system plus the net flux of that property across the control volume boundaries. 2. It allows governing laws that are stated in terms of systems to be applied to control volumes using the concept of convective and local rates of change of properties. 3. The key assumption is that properties like density and velocity are uniform across the inlet and outlet of the fixed control volume. The theorem then relates the material derivative following a system to the partial derivative within the stationary control volume.

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Jayant Sisodia
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520 views14 pages

Reynolds Transport Theorem

1. The Reynolds Transport Theorem relates the rate of change of an extensive property within a control volume to the rate of change within a system plus the net flux of that property across the control volume boundaries. 2. It allows governing laws that are stated in terms of systems to be applied to control volumes using the concept of convective and local rates of change of properties. 3. The key assumption is that properties like density and velocity are uniform across the inlet and outlet of the fixed control volume. The theorem then relates the material derivative following a system to the partial derivative within the stationary control volume.

Uploaded by

Jayant Sisodia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTROL VOLUME AND SYSTEM REPRESENTATIONS

Two approaches through which governing laws can be


applied to a fluid
• Control Volume Approach
• System Approach
System – is a collection of matter of fixed identity (always
the same atoms or fluid particles), which may move, flow
and interact with its surroundings
Control Volume – is a volume in space (a geometric entiry,
independent of mass) through which the fluid may move
In fluid mechanics – difficult to identify and keep track of a specific
quantity of matter
Finding the forces acting on a fan, airplane or automobile by air flowing
past the object is more important than the information obtained by
following a given portion of air (system) as it flows along – control
volume approach preferred
Fixed control volume Fixed or moving control volume

Deforming Control Volume


Fixed or moving
System or Lagrangian description – we follow the fluid
and observe its behaviour as it moves about
Control volume or Eulerian description – we remain
stationary and observe the fluid’s behaviour at its
location
If a moving control volume is used, it virtually never moves
with the system - the system flows through the control
volume

All of the governing laws are stated for system approach


The mass of a system remains constant
The time rate of change of momentum of a system is
equal to the sum of all the forces acting on the system

THE GOVERNING LAWS OF FLUID MOTION ARE STATED


IN TERMS OF FLUID SYSTEMS, NOT CONTROL VOLUMES
Differences between dm sys and dmcv
dt dt

dm sys
0 Time rate of change of mass within the system
dt

dmcv Time rate of change of mass within the control


0
dt volume decreases with time
THE REYNOLDS TRANSPORT THEOREM
There is a need to describe the laws governing fluid
motion using both system concepts (consider a given
mass of the fluid) and control volume concepts (consider a
given volume)
An analytical tool from shifting from one representation to
the another – Reynolds Transport Theorem
Derivation of Reynolds Transport Theorem

control volume – stationary volume within pipe between sections 1 & 2

At time t, SYS = CV
At time t+t, SYS = CV – I + II
II – outflow from the control volume from time t to t + t
I – inflow into the control volume from time t to t + t
B – EXTENSIVE PARAMETER OF THE SYSTEM
AT TIME t, B sys  t   Bcv  t 

AT TIME t+t, B sys  t  t   Bcv  t  t   B I  t  t   B II  t  t 

B sys B sys  t  t   B sys  t  B cv  t  t   B I  t  t   B II  t  t   B sys  t 


 
t t t

Bsys Bcv  t   t   BI  t   t   BII  t   t   Bcv  t 



t t
Bsys Bcv  t   t   Bcv  t  BI  t   t   B II  t   t 
  
t t t t
 
    b dV 
B  t   t   Bcv  t  Bcv
Lim cv    cv 
 t 0 t t t
BII  t   t     2 b2 A2 V2  t 

B II  t   t 
B
out  Lim   2 A2 V2 b2
 t 0 t

BI  t   t     1 b1 A1 V1  t 

B  Lim BI  t   t    A V b
in 1 1 1 1
 t 0  t
DBsys Bcv
  B out  B in
Dt t
DB sys Bcv
   2 A2 V2 b2   1 A1 V1 b1
Dt t
DBsys Bcv
  B out  B in
Dt t
Reynolds Transport Theorem is valid under the following
assumptions
• Fixed control volume with one inlet and one outlet
• Uniform properties (density, velocity, and the parameter
b ) across the inlet and outlet
• Velocity is normal to sections 1 and 2
Control volume and system for flow through an arbitrary,
fixed control volume

B out - Net flowrate of the property B from the control volume

Addition of the contributions through each infinitesimal aera


element of size A on the portion of the control surface
dividing region II and the control volume. This surface - CSout
Amount of the property B carried
across the area element A in the
time interval t
B  b V  b V cos t A
The rate at which B is carried out of
the control volume across the small
area element A
bV bV cost
B out  Lim  Lim A  bV cosA
t  0 t t  0 t
By integrating over the entire outflow portion of the control surface
CSout
Bout 
  dBout 
  bV cos dA
csout csout

The quantity Vcos is the component of the velocity normal to the


area element A. B  bV .n̂dA
out 
V cos   V . n̂ csout
By considering the inflow portion of the control surface, Csin
The inflow rate of B into the control volume

B in    bV cos dA    bV .n̂dA


c sin c sin
n̂ points out from the control volume

-90o <  < 90o for outflow regions, the normal component of
V is positive; V .n̂ is POSITIVE

90o <  < 270o for inflow regions, the normal component of V
is negative; V .n̂ is NEGATIVE
The Net Flux (Flowrate) of Parameter B Across The
Control Surface Is
 
B out  B in   bV  n̂dA    bV  n̂dA    bV  n̂dA

csout  c sin  cs

DBsys Bcv
  B out  B in
Dt t

 
DB sys 
 bdV  bV  n̂dA
Dt t
cv cs

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