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L10 Binomial Theorem

This document introduces the binomial theorem, which provides a formula for expanding expressions of the form (a + b)^n where n is a natural number. It explains that the coefficients in the binomial expansion form Pascal's triangle. The binomial theorem states that the terms of the expansion are determined by multiplying the coefficients by a^x and b^y, where x + y = n. The document provides examples of using the binomial theorem to expand binomials and find specific terms in the expansions.

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Ryan Jhay Yang
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56 views7 pages

L10 Binomial Theorem

This document introduces the binomial theorem, which provides a formula for expanding expressions of the form (a + b)^n where n is a natural number. It explains that the coefficients in the binomial expansion form Pascal's triangle. The binomial theorem states that the terms of the expansion are determined by multiplying the coefficients by a^x and b^y, where x + y = n. The document provides examples of using the binomial theorem to expand binomials and find specific terms in the expansions.

Uploaded by

Ryan Jhay Yang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC

BINOMIAL THEOREM 
OBJECTIVES
Recognize patterns in binomial expansions.
Evaluate a binomial coefficient.
Expand a binomial raised to a power.
Find a particular term in a binomial expansion
Understand the principle of mathematical induction.
Prove statements using mathematical induction.
 
Definition:
Definition: BINOMIAL
BINOMIALTHEOREM
THEOREM
Patterns
PatternsininBinomial
Binomial Expansions
Expansions
AAnumber
number of
of patterns,
patterns, as
asfollows,
follows, begin
beginto
toappear
appear when
whenwe wewrite
write
the
thebinomial
binomialexpansion
expansionof of a  b  ,, where
where nn isisaapositive
positiveinteger.
n
integer.
 a  b  a  b
1

 a  b  2  a 2  2ab  b 2
 a  b  3  a3  3a 2b  3ab 2  b3
 a  b   a 4  4a3b  6a 2b 2  4ab3  b 4
4

 a  b  5  a5  5a 4b  10a3b 2  10a 2b3  5ab 4  b5


and
and so
so on.
on.
In each expanded form above, the following can be observed:

n
a
1. The first term is , and the exponent on a decreases by 1
in each successive term.

2. The last term is b n and the exponent on b decreases by 1


in each successive term.

3. The sum of the exponents on the variables in any term is


equal to n.

4. There are n  1 terms in the expanded form of  a  b  n


.
Definition:
Binomial Coefficients
An interesting pattern for the coefficients in the binomial expansion  a  b n
can be written in the following triangular arrangement

n=0 1
n=1 1 1
n=2 1 2 1
n=3 1 3 3 1
n=4 1 4 6 4 1
n=5 1 5 10 10 5 1
n=6 1 6 15 20 15 6
1

This triangular array of coefficients is called the Pascal’s Triangle.

When n is small, the use of Pascal’s triangle is advantageous.


However, if n is large or a specific term is desired, the use of Binomial Theorem
is more appropriate.
Definition
Definition::
THE
THEBINOMIAL
BINOMIALTHEOREM
THEOREM
The
The Binomial
Binomial Theorem
Theorem provides
provides aa formula
formula for
for expanding
expanding
form  a  b  ,, where
n
expressions
expressionsof
of the
the form where nnisisaanatural
naturalnumber.
number.
For
For any binomial a  b  and
any binomial andanyanynatural
naturalnumber
number nn ,,

n n 1 n n  1 n2 2 n n  1 n  2... n  r  1 n r r


 a  b  a  a b 
n n
a b  ...  a b  ...  b n
1! 2! r!

The
Thespecific
specificterm
termof
ofaabinomial
binomialexpansion
expansionisis
n n  1 n  2 ... n  r  2  n  r 1 r 1
a b
 r  1!
.

; 3rd term 3.
A. Use Binomial Theorem to expand each binomial and express the result
in simplified form. ; 4 term 4. th

; 6th term

1. 3 x  y 
3 .

3. x  2 y
2
 4

2. x  3 y  4. 3x  2 y 
5 7

B. Find the term indicated in each expansion.

1. 2 x  y  , 2. 3x  2 y  ,
6 5
3 term
rd 4th term


3. x  y
2
,
2 8
4th term 4. x  2 y  ,
8
6th term

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