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Image Processing Introduction and Application

This document provides an overview of image processing and some applications. It introduces instructors for the course, outlines the course structure covering topics like image formation, transformations, and enhancement techniques. It then discusses what constitutes an image and digital image, and how image processing operations can modify the range or domain of an image. Finally, it briefly outlines several applications of image processing like document handling, biometrics, object recognition, medical imaging, and human-computer interaction.

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Mr.Mohammed Zakir B ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
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© © All Rights Reserved
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31 views

Image Processing Introduction and Application

This document provides an overview of image processing and some applications. It introduces instructors for the course, outlines the course structure covering topics like image formation, transformations, and enhancement techniques. It then discusses what constitutes an image and digital image, and how image processing operations can modify the range or domain of an image. Finally, it briefly outlines several applications of image processing like document handling, biometrics, object recognition, medical imaging, and human-computer interaction.

Uploaded by

Mr.Mohammed Zakir B ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Image Processing

Introduction and Application


Instructors
 Gaurav Gupta
Can catch at : B109/Hall-1
mail at: [email protected]
gtalk: gauravg.84@GMAIL
more information at: http://home.iitk.ac.in/~gauravg
 Shobhit Niranjan
Can catch at : B211/Hall-1
mail at: [email protected]
gtalk: shobhitn@GMAIL
more information at: http://home.iitk.ac.in/~nshobhit
Course Structure
1. Introduction to Image Processing, Application and
Prospects (Today)
2. Introduction, Image formation, camera models and
perspective geometry
3. Fourier Transform theory , Convolution and
Correlation
4. Color, Image enhancement  Techniques
5. Binary images: thresholding, moments, topology 

Note: Some topics may not be in order to maintain coherency and running
time requirements. (Bare with us …trying to teach first time !!)
Today

 Image Formation
 Range Transformations
 Point Processing

 Reading for this week:


 Gonzalez & Woods, Ch. 3
Image Formation

f(x,y) = reflectance(x,y) * illumination(x,y)


Reflectance in [0,1], illumination in [0,inf]
Sampling and Quantization
Sampling and Quantization
What is an image?
 We can think of an image as a function, f, from R2 to R:
 f( x, y ) gives the intensity at position ( x, y )
 Realistically, we expect the image only to be defined over a
rectangle, with a finite range:
 f: [a,b]x[c,d]  [0,1]

 A color image is just three functions pasted together.


We can write this as a “vector-valued” function:
 r ( x, y ) 
f ( x, y )   g ( x , y ) 
 

 b( x, y )  
Images as functions
What is a digital image?
 We usually operate on digital (discrete) images:
 Sample the 2D space on a regular grid
 Quantize each sample (round to nearest integer)
 If our samples are  apart, we can write this as:
f[i ,j] = Quantize{ f(i , j ) }
 The image can now be represented as a matrix of integer values
Image processing
 An image processing operation typically defines a
new image g in terms of an existing image f.
 We can transform either the range of f.

 Or the domain of f:

 What kinds of operations can each perform?


Negative
Log
Image Enhancement
Contrast Streching
Image Histograms
Histogram Equalization
Neighborhood Processing (filtering)

 Q: What happens if I reshuffle all pixels within


the image?

 A: It’s histogram won’t change. No point


processing will be affected…
 Need spatial information to capture this.
Programming Assignment #1
 Easy stuff to get you started with
Matlab
 Shobhit will hold your first tutorial

 Topics will be from next 2 lectures


Applications
&
Research Topics
Document Handling
Signature Verification
Biometrics
Fingerprint Verification / Identification
Fingerprint Identification Research at
UNR
Minutiae Matching

Delaunay Triangulation
Object Recognition
Object Recognition Research
reference view 1 reference view 2

novel view recognized


Indexing into Databases
 Shape content
Indexing into Databases (cont’d)
 Color, texture
Target Recognition

 Department of Defense (Army, Airforce,


Navy)
Interpretation of Aerial Photography

Interpretation of aerial photography is a problem domain in both


computer vision and registration.
Autonomous Vehicles

 Land, Underwater, Space


Traffic Monitoring
Face Detection
Face Recognition
Face Detection/Recognition Research
at UNR
Facial Expression Recognition
Face Tracking
Face Tracking (cont’d)
Hand Gesture Recognition
 Smart Human-Computer User Interfaces
 Sign Language Recognition
Human Activity Recognition
Medical Applications
 skin cancer breast cancer
Morphing
Inserting Artificial Objects into a Scene

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