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Computer Graphics: Circle Generating Algorithm: Week 6 Session 2

This document describes the circle generating algorithm. It defines a circle and its key properties such as radius, diameter, and center point. It then explains the midpoint circle generating algorithm which uses Pythagorean theorem to calculate points on a circle based on the radius and center coordinates. Examples are provided to generate a circle when the center is at the origin (0,0) and when it is not, like (4,4). Advantages of this algorithm include being powerful, efficient and easy to implement. Disadvantages are that it can be time-consuming and sometimes inaccurate. Homework is assigned to generate circles using this algorithm with different radii and center points.

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Talha Baig
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258 views

Computer Graphics: Circle Generating Algorithm: Week 6 Session 2

This document describes the circle generating algorithm. It defines a circle and its key properties such as radius, diameter, and center point. It then explains the midpoint circle generating algorithm which uses Pythagorean theorem to calculate points on a circle based on the radius and center coordinates. Examples are provided to generate a circle when the center is at the origin (0,0) and when it is not, like (4,4). Advantages of this algorithm include being powerful, efficient and easy to implement. Disadvantages are that it can be time-consuming and sometimes inaccurate. Homework is assigned to generate circles using this algorithm with different radii and center points.

Uploaded by

Talha Baig
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER GRAPHICS:

Circle Generating Algorithm

Week 6 Session 2

By
Razia Nisar Noorani
Assistant professor
FYP(IT) COORdinator
SSUET, Karachi, Pakistan
OBJECTIVE:
Circle Generating Algorithm
• Circle
• Properties of circle
• Circle Generating Algorithm
• Example: Centre of circle at origin
• Example: Centre of circle not at origin
• Advantages of circle generating Algorithm
• Disadvantages of circle generating Algorithm
CIRCLE
A circle is a closed curve consisting of all points in a plane
which are at the same distance (equidistant) from a fixed point
inside it.
This fixed point is called “Centre”.
Properties of Circle
 A circle has only one centre
 A line segment that joins any point on the
circle to its centre is called “Radius”
 Half of a Circle is called “Semi-Circle”

 A line segment that joins any two points on


the circle and passes through its centre is r
called a “diameter”
Properties of Circle
 Diameter is also called “Chord”

 A line segment that joins any two points on the circle is called a chord.

 A line that intersects the circle at any two point


on the circle line that contains a chord is
called “Secant”

 A line that intersects the circle at exactly one point on the


circle is called “Tangent”.

This point is called Point of Tangency.


Circle Generating Algorithm
CIRCLE:

Set of points that are all given at distance “r” from the centre position (Xc , Yc)

 The distance relationship equation of a circle is expressed by “Pythagoras

Theorem” (X – Xc)2 + (Y – Yc)2 = r2

  Circle Generating algorithm is attempts to generate the points of one octant. r2


(Y – Yc)2

 The points for other octants are generated using the eight symmetry property (X – Xc)2

(Xc , Yc)
(Mirror Technique)
2nd Quadrant ( -X , Y ) 1st Quadrant ( X , Y )

3rd Octant 2nd Octant

4th Octant 1st Octant

5th Octant
8th Octant

6th Octant 7th Octant

3rd Quadrant ( -X , -Y )
4th Quadrant ( X , -Y )
Mid Point Circle Generating Algorithm
STEPS:

-- Input radius “r” and centre (X , Y ). Set the first point (X , Y ) = ( O , r)


c c 0 0

-- Calculate the initial value of decision parameter as, P = 1 - r


0

-- Suppose the current point is (X , Y ) and the next point is (X ,Y )


k k k+1 k+1

-- The next point is depending on the value of decision parameter P


k

If P < 0
k

X = X +1 Y = Y P = P + 2(X ) + 1
k+1 k k+1 k k+1 k k+1

If P > = 0
k

X = X Y = Y – 1 P = P - 2(Y ) + 2(X ) + 1
k+1 k k+1 k k+1 k k+1 k+1
Example : When Circle is on origin ( 0 , 0 )
Given the centre point coordinates (0, 0) and radius as 10, generate all the points to form a circle.

Given:
Centre Coordinates of Circle (Xc, Yc) = (0, 0) Radius of Circle = r = 10

Algorithm terminates at x=y


Algorithm calculates all the points of
octant 1 and terminates.
To the points of octant 2 are obtained using the mirror effect by swapping X and Y coordinates.
That is:

For octant 2
• Reverse and swaps octant 1 points

Quadrant 1:
• Combining the points of Octant 1 and octant 2 will result the complete points of quadrant 1
To the points of remaining quadrant are obtained using the mirror effect by changing X and Y coordinates.
That is:
Mid Point Circle Generating Algorithm (Centre not at
origin)

Step 1 , 2 , 3 remain same:

-- If the given centre point (X0, Y0) is not (0, 0), then do the following and plot the point

Xplot = Xc + X0

Yplot = Yc + Y0

Here, (Xc, Yc) denotes the current value of X and Y coordinates.

-- Keep repeating Step-03 and Step-04 until Xplot >= Yplot.


Example : When Circle is not on origin ( 4 , 4 )
Given the centre point coordinates (4, 4) and radius as 10, generate all the points to form a circle.

Assume Centre Coordinates of Circle at (0, 0) Radius of Circle = r = 10

+ (Xc , Yc)
Note: For Quadrant 2 3 and 4

Change value for each Quadrant a/c to quadrant rule

Calculate Xplot and Yplot values for each quadrant


Advantages of Midpoint circle drawing algorithm
•It is a powerful and efficient algorithm.

•The midpoint circle drawing algorithm is easy to implement.

•It is also an algorithm based on a simple circle equation (x2 + y2 = r2).

•This algorithm helps to create curves on a raster display.

Disadvantages of Midpoint circle drawing algorithm

•It is a time-consuming algorithm.

•Sometimes the points of the circle are not accurate.


Home work!
 Create a Circle when centre point is at origin (0,0)
and radius is “5”

 Create a Circle when centre point is at (5,5) and


radius is “5”
THE END!

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