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Anthropogenic Effects of Coal Mining On Ecological Resources of The Central Indus Basin, Pakistan

This document discusses the anthropogenic effects of coal mining on the ecological resources of Pakistan's Central Indus Basin. It outlines the study area and physiography, including the prominent Salt Range geological feature. It describes the region's stratigraphy and coal geology. The objectives of the study are to assess the hazardous impacts of mining through field surveys, geological data collection, and analysis of geochemical indices and potential toxic elements in nearby water bodies. The methodology involves understanding the natural system, conceptual modeling of available data, laboratory testing, and identification of impacts on the local ecology.

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72 views

Anthropogenic Effects of Coal Mining On Ecological Resources of The Central Indus Basin, Pakistan

This document discusses the anthropogenic effects of coal mining on the ecological resources of Pakistan's Central Indus Basin. It outlines the study area and physiography, including the prominent Salt Range geological feature. It describes the region's stratigraphy and coal geology. The objectives of the study are to assess the hazardous impacts of mining through field surveys, geological data collection, and analysis of geochemical indices and potential toxic elements in nearby water bodies. The methodology involves understanding the natural system, conceptual modeling of available data, laboratory testing, and identification of impacts on the local ecology.

Uploaded by

bilal ahmad
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECTS OF

COAL MINING ON ECOLOGICAL


RESOURCES OF THE CENTRAL
INDUS BASIN, PAKISTAN

BY: BILAL AHMAD SARWAR


Introduction

 Mostly the extraction of conventional source of energy can cause the irreversible impacts on environment.
 And generally the extraction of these resources such as coal is done by mining processes which causes
considerable environmental impacts.
 The most serious are: (1) changes in hydrogeological systems; (2) hydrological transformations of soils and
surficial flows; (3) contamination of soils and surficial water reservoirs; (4) pollution of the atmosphere (Rybicka,
E. H. 1996).
 At present, coal is considered as the main source of energy in Pakistan.
 The rapid use of coal are threatening to environmental concerns in Pakistan. Generals impacts of coal mining are
potential toxic element (PTE) accumulation, acid mine drainage (AMD), soil erosion, surface and ground water
pollution.
Study Area and physiography

 The study area lies in the salt range, which is a hill system
and very prominent geomorphic and ecological feature in
the Punjab province of Pakistan.
 Salt range start from the potohar region and ends up in the
north of river Jhelum. The Jhelum river is the major
tributary of the river Indus and main hydrological source
of study area.
 Climatically, the area is characterized by low rainfall of
about 50cm, and the months of July, August, and
September are more rain-prone periods (A J Khan et al.
2020).

Geographical location map of the salt range


Overview of Stratigraphy of central Indus
basin
 Stratigraphically central Indus basin is bounded by Indian shield in the east,
marginal Indian plate is the west, sukkur rift in the south and upper Indus
basin in the north.
 The central Indus basin mainly comprises on sedimentary deposits which
represent Precambrian to recent deposits with huge reserves of coal and other
mineral resources.
 The coal geology is dominated by Permian and Paleocene stratigraphy in the
central Indus basin (A J Khan et al. 2020).
 ). The chemical composition of coal in this region has a fixed carbon and ash
content of 13.21% to 32.79%. The sulphur content is in the range of 5.45% to
10.63% with a moisture content of 3.14% to 4.26% (A J Khan et al. 2020).

Subdivisions of central Indus basin


(Kadri, I. B. 1995)
Aims and objectives of the study

The main objective of the study is to predict the hazardous impact of mining on environment. But the further and
detailed objectives are:
 Collection of geological data through field survey.
 Understanding the geological data, stratigraphical units, location of mines and accumulation of mine tailing.
 Assessment of geochemical indices as explained by Muller and G. in their paper.
 Comparison of results with the standard values.
 Identification of ecological risks due to mining.
 Conclusions and recommendations.
Methodology

There are actually 5 main sections to achieve that research.


 Understanding the natural system of the study case area.
 Formation of conceptual model of available data.
 Identification of potentially toxic (PTEs) elements such as iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr),
nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), lead (pb), and mercury (Hg) in the near ecological source (nearby water
body) using the atomic absorption spectrometry.
 Laboratory testing of geochemical parameters.
 Identification of impacts on ecological system of the area.

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