R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

Lecture
on
T-Beams
Assistant Professor. Mr. P. Manoj Kumar
Department of Civil Engineering
R G M College of Engineering and Technology
518501, Nandyal

Assistant Professor. Mr. P. Manoj Kumar) 1

 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
What is T-Beam
 The beam consists of a flange and
a rib in the form of a T, generally
made of RC concrete or metal is
known as T-Beam.
 Top part of the slab which acts
along the beam to resist the
compressive stresse is called
flange. The part which lies below
the slab and resist the shear stress
is called rib.
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 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Advantages:
 Since the beam is casted
monolithically with the slab, the
flange also takes up the compressive
stresses which means it will be more
effective in resisting the sagging
moment acting on the beam.
 For larger spans, t beams are
usually preferred rather than
rectangular beam as the deflection is
reduced to a good extent.
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 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
23.1.2 Effective Width of Flange (IS 456-2000) Pg.No 36
• In the absence of more accurate determination, the
• 
effective width of flange may be taken as the following but
in no case greater than the breadth of the web plus half
the sum of the clear distances to the adjacent beams on
either side.
a) For T-beams, bf =
b) For L-beams, bf =
c) For isolated beams, the effective flange width shall be
obtained as below but in no case greater than the
actual width:
T-beams, bf = , T-beams, bf =

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 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Analysis of T-Beam
There are two cases to analyse the T- Beams.
Case-1

N.A lie in the flange area.

bf 0.0035 0.45 fck

0.002 x2=3/7xu Y=0.42 xu

Df xu x1=4/7xu C
N.A

d L.A= d-0.42xu

T = 0.87 fy
d’
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bw Assistant Professor. Mr. P. Manoj Kumar)
 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

1. Total Compressive force C = 0.36 fck bf xu

2. Total Tensile Force T = 0.87 fy Ast

3. Lever Arm L.A = d-0.42 xu

4. Actual Depth of N.A

C=T

0.36 fck bf xu = 0.87 fy Ast

xu = ?

5. Moment of Resistance

Mu = 0.36 fck bf xu * (d-0.42 xu) or

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= 0.87 fy Ast * (d-0.42 xAssistant
u)
Professor. Mr. P. Manoj Kumar)
 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

Case-2 bf
Df xu
N.A lie in the web area N.A

Subcase-1 d

Df ≤ (3/7) xu
d’
bw
Df /d ≤ 0.2 As per IS 456-
2000
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 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

Subcase-1

Df ≤ (3/7) xu

Df /d ≤ 0.2 As per IS 456-2000

bf 0.0035 0.45 fck

Y=0.42 xu Df/2
Df 0.002 x2=3/7xu
xu C2
x1=4/7xu C1
N.A

d L.A= d-0.42xu

T = 0.87 fy
d’
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Assistant Professor. Mr. P. Manoj Kumar
 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Portion Compressive Force Tensile Force Lever Arm
Web C1 = 0.36 fck bw xu T1 = 0.87 fy Ast1 d-0.42 xu
Flange C2 = 0.45 fck (bf - bw) Df T2 = 0.87 fy Ast2 d-

•1.  Total Compressive force C = 0.36 f ck bw xu + 0.45 fck (bf - bw) Df

2. Total Tensile Force T = 0.87 fy Ast

3. Actual Depth of N.A
C=T

0.36 fck bw xu + 0.45 fck (bf - bw) Df = 0.87 fy Ast

xu = ?

5. Moment of Resistance

Mu = 0.36 fck bw xu* (d - 0.42

Assistant
+ 0.45Mr.fckP.(bManoj
xu)Professor. f - bw) Df * (d - )
Kumar)
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 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

Subcase-2

Df > (3/7) xu

Df /d > 0.2 As per IS 456-

bf 0.0035 0.45 fck
Yf/2 Y=0.42 xu
2000D f xu 0.002 x2=3/7xu
C2 C1
N.A x1=4/7xu

L.A= d-0.42xu
L.A= d-yf/2
d

T = 0.87 fy Ast
d’
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 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

In this case the stress diagram for flange portion is partly rectangular
and partly parabolic, so to simplify the case we consider the equivalent
depth of flange is Yf .

Yf = (0.15 xu + 0.65 Df ) < Df ( IS 456-2000, pg.no 97)

So that stress diagram for flange may be considered rectangular.

Portion Compressive Force Tensile Force Lever Arm
Web C1 = 0.36 fck bw xu T1 = 0.87 fy Ast1 d-0.42 xu
Flange
Flange C
C22 =
= 0.45
0.45 ffck (b - bw)) Y
ck (bff - bw Yff T
T22 =
= 0.87
0.87 ffyy A
Ast2
st2
d-

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 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
•1.  Total Compressive force C = 0.36 f ck bw xu + 0.45 fck (bf - bw) Yf

2. Total Tensile Force T = 0.87 fy Ast

3. Actual Depth of N.A

C=T

0.36 fck bw xu + 0.45 fck (bf - bw) Yf = 0.87 fy Ast

xu = ?

5. Moment of Resistance

Mu = 0.36 fck bw xu* (d - 0.42 xu) + 0.45 fck (bf - bw) Yf * (d - )

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 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

 
•A simply supported T-beam has following dimensions.

Flange width = 2000 mm, Depth of flange = 150 mm, Overall depth = 750
mm, Rib width = 300 mm, Span = 9 m, Area of steel = 6 - 32 mm dia, M25 /
Fe 500 are used. Calculate M.R using L.S.M.
Sol : bf
Step 1. Effective width of flange Df N.A

d’
bw 9
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 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
bf
  2 : Assuming that the N.A lie in the
•Step Df N.A xu

flange area

0.36 fck bf xu = 0.87 fy Ast d

The assumption is not correct d’

bw 9
Therefore repeat step 2 by considering
the N.A lie in the web area

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 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
bf
  3 : Assuming that the N.A lie in the web area
•Step Df xu
N
and Df ≤ 3/7 xu .
A
d
0.36 fck bw xu + 0.45 fck (bf – bw) Df =
d’
0.87 fy Ast bw

The assumption is not correct

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Assistant Professor. Mr. P. Manoj Kumar)
 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
bf
  4 : Assuming that the N.A lie in the web area
•Step Df xu
N
and Df > 3/7 xu .
A
d
0.36 fck bw xu + 0.45 fck (bf – bw) Yf =
d’
0.87 fy Ast bw

Yf = 0.15 xu + 0.65 Df = (0.15 xu + 0.65 ×150)

This assumption is correct

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 R 2015: DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

  5 : Limiting N.A
•Step
Xulimit = 0.46 × 700 = 322 mm > Xu (URS)
Step 6 : Moment of Resistance

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Assistant Professor. Mr. P. Manoj Kumar)