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Foundations of Building

Civil engineering foundations can be categorized as either shallow or deep foundations. Shallow foundations include isolated spread footings, strip or wall footings, combined footings, cantilever or strap footings, and raft or mat foundations. Deep foundations include pile foundations, pier foundations, and caisson foundations. Foundations are necessary to distribute structural loads across a large area of soil to prevent overloading, provide stability against natural forces, and give a level surface for construction. The type of foundation used depends on factors like soil conditions and the structure's design.

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177 views

Foundations of Building

Civil engineering foundations can be categorized as either shallow or deep foundations. Shallow foundations include isolated spread footings, strip or wall footings, combined footings, cantilever or strap footings, and raft or mat foundations. Deep foundations include pile foundations, pier foundations, and caisson foundations. Foundations are necessary to distribute structural loads across a large area of soil to prevent overloading, provide stability against natural forces, and give a level surface for construction. The type of foundation used depends on factors like soil conditions and the structure's design.

Uploaded by

Novia Dwi Cahyanti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Civil Engineering

Foundation
Foundation of
of
Buildings
Buildings
• Introduction
• The Purpose of Foundation in
Buildings
• Types of Foundation
What is A
Foundation?
NO, WE'RE NOT TAL K ING AB O UT
MAK E UP!
A foundation is a lower portion of building structure that
transfers its gravity loads to the earth. Foundations are
generally broken into two categories: shallow foundations
and deep foundations. A tall building must have a strong
foundation if it is to stand for a long time.
1. We normally dig a trench in the ground (deeper until we
come to subsoil).
2. Fill it with any strong, hard material we can find. Sometimes
we pour in concrete into the trench, which we strengthen
even more by first putting long thin round pieces of steel
into the trench.
3. When the concrete dries, the steel acts like the bones in our
body to tie the foundation together. We call this reinforced
concrete.
4. Once the foundation has been packed down tightly, or dried
hard, we can begin to build the building superstructure.
Is the foundation
needed in
building? Why?
The Purpose
of It: To distribute the weight of the structure over a large area in
order to avoid overloading the underlying soil (possibly
causing unequal settlement).
To anchor the structure against natural forces including
earthquakes, floods, frost heaves, tornadoes and wind.

To provide a level surface for construction.


To anchor the structure deeply into the ground;
increasing its stability and preventing
overloading.
To prevent lateral movements of the supported
structure (in some cases).
Why the
foundation
has so many
types?
Shallow Deep
Foundations Foundations
Isolated Spread Footing
Pile Foundation
Strip or Wall Footing Pier Foundation
Combined Footing
Caisson Foundation
Cantilever or Strap Footing
Raft or mat Foundation
Isolated Spread Footing
Common, simple, and
economical.
Consists of footing at the base
of the column
Each column has its own
footing. The footings may be
rectangular, square or circular
in shape.
Strip or Wall Footing
Continuous over the entire wall.
The base is more wider than a
typical load bearing wall
foundations.
Spreadꢀloading over a bigger
area. This helps the soil to
withstand against the stress,
provides better stability.
Combined Footings
The foundations which are made
common to more than one column are
calledꢀcombined footings. They may be
rectangular, tee-shaped or trapezoidal
in shape.
The combined footing is very similar to
the isolated footing.
The combined footing is used when the
columns of the structure are closely
placed, or the bearing capacity of the
soil is low and their footing overlap each
other.
Cantilever or Strap Footing
Similar to combined footings
The footings under the columns
are
built individually and connected
by strap beam.
Generally, when the edge of the
footing cannot be extended
beyond the property line the
exterior footing is connected by
strap beam with interior footing.
Raft or Mat Foundation
This is called Raft because in this case,
the building seems like a vessel which
floats on a sea of soil.
Raft or Mat foundationsꢀare used where
other shallow foundation or pile
foundation is not suitable, The soil is
weak and the load has to be spread over
a large area, The structure includes a
basement, Columns are closely placed,
and differential settlement is to be
prevented.
This type of foundation, the entire
basement floor slab acts as the
foundation.
Pile is a slender member with a small
cross-sectional area compared to its
length
Piles are used to transfer load to the
deeper soil and resist structures
against uplift and provide structures
stability against lateral and
overturning forces.

Pile
Foundation
Pier foundationꢀis a cylindrical
structural member which transfer
heavy load which cannot be
transmitted by shallow foundations
from superstructure to the soil by
end bearing. Unlike pile, it can only
transfer load by bearing and by not
skin friction.
It is usually shallower than pile
foundations.
A watertight retaining structure
used as a bridge pier, construction
of dam, etc.
It can be floated to the desired
location and then sunk into place.
Caisson foundation is a ready-
made hollow cylinder depressed
into the soil up to the desired level

Caisson and then filled with concrete which


ultimately converts to a

Foundation foundation.
THANK
YOU

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