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Class: Bsse Semester 4 Credit Hours (3+1)

The document discusses different types of operating system environments: batch processing, multiprocessing, distributed processing, network operating systems, and time sharing operating systems. It provides details on each type, including their key features and advantages/disadvantages. The document also covers topics like multiprogramming, multitasking, distributed file systems, and real-time systems.

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29 views

Class: Bsse Semester 4 Credit Hours (3+1)

The document discusses different types of operating system environments: batch processing, multiprocessing, distributed processing, network operating systems, and time sharing operating systems. It provides details on each type, including their key features and advantages/disadvantages. The document also covers topics like multiprogramming, multitasking, distributed file systems, and real-time systems.

Uploaded by

lovely person
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPERATING SYSTEM

AJAZ KHAN BAIG

Class : BSSE SEMESTER 4


Credit Hours ( 3+1)
INTORDUCION TO OPERATING SYSTEM

Lecture # 2

OS Environments
BOOK:
Operating System Concepts
by Silberschatz and Galvin , 8th Edition

2 08/25/20
Introduction

 Environments of computer operating systems


 Batch processing

 Multiprocessing

 Distributed processing operating system

 Network operating system

 Time sharing operating system

3 08/25/20
Types Of Operating System

Batch processing:

4 08/25/20
Batch Processing
Problems:
 Lack of interaction between the user and
job.

 CPU is often idle, because the speeds of


the mechanical I/O devices are slower
than CPU.

 Difficult to provide the desired priority.


5 08/25/20
Mainframe
Mainframe Systems:
 Reduce setup time by batching similar jobs
 Automatic job sequencing – automatically transfers

control from one job to another.


 Resident monitor

 Initial control in monitor


 Control transfers to job
 When job completes control transfers pack to monitor

6 08/25/20
Continue….
Multi-programmed Batch Systems
 Several jobs are kept in main memory at the same time

 and the CPU is multiplexed among them.

7 08/25/20
Continue….
Multiprogramming:

8 08/25/20
Continue…
OS Features Needed for Multiprogramming:

 I/O routine supplied by the system.

 Memory management – the system must allocate the


memory to several jobs.

 CPU scheduling – the system must choose among several


jobs ready to run.

 Allocation of devices

9 08/25/20
Time Sharing Operating Systems
Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of
multiprogramming.

Processor's time which is shared among multiple users

Time-Sharing Systems objective is to minimize response time.

Multiple jobs are executed by the CPU by switching between them

Execute each user program in a short burst or quantum of


computation.

Operating system uses CPU scheduling and multiprogramming to


provide each user with a small portion of a time.

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Multitasking:

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Advantages:

 Provide advantage of quick response.

 Avoids duplication of software.

 Reduces CPU idle time.

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Disadvantage:

 Problem of reliability.

 Question of security and integrity of user


programs and data.

 Problem of data communication.

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Distributed File System
Distributed systems use multiple central
processors to serve multiple real time application

Data processing jobs are distributed among the


processors

processors communicate with one another through


various communication lines

Processors in a distributed system may vary in size


and function
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Distributed Environment:
 Multiple independent CPUs or processors
in a computer system.
 Core Activities:

 Distributes computation logics among several physical


processors
 Processors do not share memory or a clock.
 each processor has its own local memory.
 OS manages the communications between the
processors.
15 08/25/20
Continue……
Advantages:
 With resource sharing facility user at one site may be able to use the
resources available at another
 Speedup the exchange of data with one another via electronic mail

 If one site fails in a distributed system, the remaining sites can

potentially continue operating.


 Better service to the customers

 Reduction of the load on the host computer

 Reduction of delays in data processing

16 08/25/20
Network Operating System
Time sharing is a technique which enables many people,
located at various terminals, to use a particular computer
system at the same time

Processor's time is shared among multiple users

minimize response time.

Multiple jobs are executed by the CPU by switching


between them

 Job Switching occurs frequently

17 08/25/20
Network Operating System
 Runs on a server
 OS provides server the capability to manage data, users,
groups etc.
 Allow shared file and printer access among multiple
computers 
 local area network (LAN)

 Example:
 MS Windows 2003 and 2008

  UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X


18 08/25/20
Continue….
Advantages:
 Provide advantage of quick response

 Avoids duplication of software

 Reduces CPU idle time

Disadvantages:
 Problem of reliability.
 Question of security of user programs and data.

 Problem of data communication.

19 08/25/20
Real Time System
Real time systems are usually dedicated embedded
systems.
Real time activities of OS:
 Operating Systems typically read from and react to sensor data.

 The Operating system must guarantee response to events within


fixed periods of time to ensure correct performance.

20 08/25/20
Key terms
Batch processing
Similar jobs are batched and executed once

Multiprocessing
 Multiple processes are executed by using interrupts

Distributed processing operating system


 In Distributed processing system , work load of processes are

distributed across multiple systems or on same system between


multiple processes.
Network operating system
 A specialized operating system to support network processing

Time sharing operating system


 Time is shared by multiple processes

 Real time systems are usually dedicated embedded systems.

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Summary
In this Lecture, Operating system
environments are discusses with their
advantages and disadvantages.

22 08/25/20

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