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Lec 1 Introduction To Signals and System

This document provides an overview of a signals and systems course, including prerequisites, textbooks, table of contents, examples of signals and systems, major application areas, objectives, and types of signals. The course covers modeling and analyzing real-world signals and systems using mathematical techniques like Fourier series, Fourier transforms, Laplace transforms, and z-transforms. Examples of signals include audio, images, radar signals, and economic data. Systems manipulate or transmit signals through physical processes like electric circuits, communication networks, and signal processors.

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kala
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210 views

Lec 1 Introduction To Signals and System

This document provides an overview of a signals and systems course, including prerequisites, textbooks, table of contents, examples of signals and systems, major application areas, objectives, and types of signals. The course covers modeling and analyzing real-world signals and systems using mathematical techniques like Fourier series, Fourier transforms, Laplace transforms, and z-transforms. Examples of signals include audio, images, radar signals, and economic data. Systems manipulate or transmit signals through physical processes like electric circuits, communication networks, and signal processors.

Uploaded by

kala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Signals and Systems

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Prerequisite
Basic background in calculus, complex numbers and
some exposure to differential equations

Text books
Signals and Systems, by A. Oppenheim, A. Willsky, and
H. Nawab, 2nd edition, 1997, Prentice-Hall,

Reference book
Signals and Systems, by Simon Haykin and Barry Van
Veen

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Table of Contents
• Chap 1. Signals and Systems
• Chap 2. Linear Time-Invariant Systems
• Chap 3. Fourier Series for Periodic Signals
• Chap 4. Continuous-Time Fourier Transform
• Chap 5. Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
• Chap 7. Sampling
• Chap 9. The Laplace Transform
• Chap 10. The z-Transform

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4
• Automobile driver depresses the accelerator pedal.
The automobile responses by increasing the speed of the vehicle.
System is the automobile, pressure on pedal is the input signal, the
automobile speed is the response or output signal.

• Digitized electrocardiogram as input to a computer program for


an automated diagnosis of electrocardiogram.
The program responses by estimating parameter (the heart rate of the
patient).
System is the computer program, digitized electrocardiogram is the
input signal, the heart rate is the response or output signal.
• Control input signal to a robot arm.
The robot responses by producing movement of the arm.
System is the robot arm, control electrical signal is the input signal, the
movement of the arm is the response or output signal.
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Major Application Areas
• Communications
• Audio and Speech processing
• Image, Video Processing
• Acoustics
• Circuit Design
• Seismology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Bioinformatics
• Energy Generation and distribution System
• Chemical Process Control
• Aeronautics

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Signals & Systems
Objectives & Applications
• When presented with a specific system , we are interested in
characterizing it in detail to understand how it will response to
input signals.
Examples :- Understanding of human auditory system. Vocal
Tract System. Economic system. Analysis of circuits.
Determination of aircraft response characteristic due to pilot
commands & wind gusts.
• Designing of systems to process signals in particular ways.
Example Economic forecasting.. Stock market predicting.
Restoration of degraded or corrupted signals. For example Speech
communication with background noise as in aircraft cockpit or car.
Aim to retain the pilot voice and get rid of the engine noise.
Restoration /enhancement of old recording/image.
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Signals & Systems
Objectives & Applications
• Images from deep space probes or earth-observing satellites
represent degraded versions of the scenes being imaged.
Why.. Because of equipment limitations, atmospheric effect, errors
in signal transmission in returning the image to earth.
Process by system to restore/enhance the images.

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Summary
• This course is one of several fundamental required
courses for Electrical Engineering. It covers analytic
(mathematic) background for modeling and analyzing
real-world signals and systems.
• Examples of signals include those involving electricity,
audio, images, video, radar signals, and seismic signals.
• Systems store, manipulate, or transmit signals by
physical processes. Examples include electric circuits
and systems, communication systems, control systems,
and signal processors.

Input Output
System
Signal Signal

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Signals
• Signals may describe a wide variety of physical
phenomenon. It can be represented mathematically as
functions of one or more independent variables:
f(..x,y,z..), x(t)
• For example:
• Time: x(t)
• Frequency: X(f)
• Temperature
• Pressure
• And many others…

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Types of Signals
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Types of Signals
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