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Rabia Muzaffar & Erum Kausar B S - 3 A

Counseling involves a professional relationship where a counselor helps clients achieve goals related to mental health, wellness, education, and careers. It is a talking therapy where the counselor listens empathetically and discusses problems with the client to help them gain insight and make positive changes. Counseling differs from guidance, which provides advice, and psychiatry, which is a medical profession. People seek counseling to address life challenges, mental health issues, and life transitions. The aims of counseling are insight, self-awareness, empowerment, and behavioral/cognitive changes. Counselors follow certain dos and don'ts to effectively help clients.

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Elishbah Popatia
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212 views

Rabia Muzaffar & Erum Kausar B S - 3 A

Counseling involves a professional relationship where a counselor helps clients achieve goals related to mental health, wellness, education, and careers. It is a talking therapy where the counselor listens empathetically and discusses problems with the client to help them gain insight and make positive changes. Counseling differs from guidance, which provides advice, and psychiatry, which is a medical profession. People seek counseling to address life challenges, mental health issues, and life transitions. The aims of counseling are insight, self-awareness, empowerment, and behavioral/cognitive changes. Counselors follow certain dos and don'ts to effectively help clients.

Uploaded by

Elishbah Popatia
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© © All Rights Reserved
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INTRODUCTION TO

COUNSELING

R A B I A M U Z A F FA R & E R U M K A U S A R
BS-3A
Definition
• Latin – Consulere
• To consult, deliberate or reflect

“Counseling is the application of mental health,


psychological or human development principles, through
cognitive, affective, behavioral or systemic interventions
and strategies that address wellness, personal growth, or
career development, as well as pathology.”
- American Counseling Association (ACA), 1997.
“Counseling is a professional relationship that empowers
diverse individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental
health, wellness, education, and career goals.”
- American Counseling Association (ACA), 2010.

- A series of direct contacts with an individual which aims to


offer him assistance in changing his attitude and behavior
Carl Rogers

- Counseling is mental learning process. It involves two individuals – one


seeking help and other a professionally trained person helping the first to
orient and direct himself towards a goal which leads to his maximum
development and growth in his environment
- (Willy and Andrew)
“ APA DIVISION 17
(SOCIETY OF COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY)”
• The term counseling is defined as a talking therapy, in which a person
(client) discusses freely his/her problems and share feelings, with
the counselor, who advises or helps the client in dealing with the problems.
It aims at discussing those problems which are related to personal or
socio-psychological issues, causing emotional pain or mental instability
that makes you feel uneasy. The counselor listens to the problems of the
client with empathy and discusses it, in a confidential environment. It is
not a one-day process, but there are many sessions.

Counseling is NOT about giving advice or making a judgment, but


helping the client to see clearly the root of problems and identify the
potential solutions to the issues. The counselor also changes the
viewpoint of the client, to help him take the right decision or choose a
course of action. It will also help the client to remain intuitive and
positive in the future.
Definition of Psychotherapy
and Counseling
Umbrella terms that cover a range of talking therapies.
They are delivered by trained practitioners who work with
people over a short or long time to help them bring about
effective change or enhance their wellbeing.
- British Association for Counseling and Psychotherapy
(BACP), 2012.
Difference Between Counseling
and Psychotherapy

1. Nature of the activity: medical


or social, illness or wellness
models
2. Duration of intervention: short
or long term
3. Depth of intervention
4. Training differences
In guidance the focus is made on listening to the problem, on which ready-
made solution is given by the expert.

Counseling aims at discussing and understanding the problem, advising


and empowering him to take a decision concerning his/her career or life
goals in group or one-to-one sessions.
Difference Between Counseling and
Guidance
• Guidance is a kind of advice • The process aims at making
or help given to the individuals individuals aware of the
especially students, on matters rightness or wrongness of their
like choosing a course of study choices and importance of
or career, work or their decision, on which their
preparing for vocation. It is the future depends. It is a service
process of guiding, that assists individuals in
supervising or directing a selecting the most appropriate
person for a particular course path for them, to discover and
of action. develop their psychological
and educational abilities and
ambitions.
• On the other hand, counseling
• Guidance is a comprehensive
focuses on the in-depth and
process; that has an external
inward analysis of the problem,
approach.
until client understands and
overcomes it completely.
• Guidance is taken on education • counseling is taken when the
and career related issues. problem is related to personal and
• Guidance is given by a guide socio-psychological issues.
who can be any person superior • counseling, which is provided by
or an expert in a particular field. counselors, who possess a high
level of skill and undergone
• Guidance can be open and so
through professional training.
the level of privacy is less.
• Unlike counseling, wherein
• In guidance, the guide takes the complete secrecy is maintained.
decision for the client.
• the counselor empowers the client
to take decisions on his own.
Difference Between Counseling and
Psychiatry

• Psychiatry is a medical specialty.


• Psychiatrists are medical professionals who have a basic
degree in medicine followed by a specialized residency in
psychiatry.
• Main duties involve diagnosis, management and
prevention. 
• Can prescribe medication.
• Can perform medical examinations and tests.
• Work within hospital premises.
WHO SEEKS
COUNSELING…AND WHY?
• Difficult Life Events
Death of a loved one • Children: behavioral, school,
Job loss family issues
Abuse
Addiction • Adolescents: as above and issues
Diagnosis of a serious physical illness of separation and peer relationships

• Mental Health Issues • Young adults: all of above plus


• Self Discovery career issues
• Mature adults: all of above plus
• Life Transitions or Decisions
issues of changing relationships,
Adjusting to adulthood
Starting a new career family alignments, health, work
Marriage and social status
Becoming a parent • Older adults: all of above plus end
Retirement
of life issues
Aims of Counseling
(Required For Promoting Change)

• Insight
• Relating with others
• Self–awareness
• Self-acceptance
• Self–actualization
• Enlightenment
Aims of Counseling
(Skills or Techniques Required For
Change)
• Problem solving
• Psychological education
• Acquisition of social skills
Aims of Counseling
(Changes)
• Cognitive change
• Behavioral change
• Systemic change
• Empowerment
• Restitution
• Generativity and social actions
Don’ts of Counseling
• Do not argue with patients
• Do not praise the patient or give them false reassurance
• Do not make false promises
• Do not interpret the patient or speculate on the dynamics
of their problem
• Do not offer the patient a diagnosis even if he/she insists
on to in the initial interview
• Do not question the patient on sensitive areas of their life
in the initial interview
Don’ts of Counseling
• Do not join in attacks the patient launches on his parents,
mates, friends or associates
• Do not participate in criticism of another therapist
• Do not force patient to take therapy
• Don’t interrupt: You are supposed to be listening and
seeing it from the client’s point of view
• Don’t ask too many questions at once or multiple choice
questions- the client will probably not remember what you
said and end up more confused.
• Don’t jump into silences: They can be helpful and reflect
that client is thinking
Don’ts of Counseling
• Don’t invalidate the patient’s feelings
• Don’t automatically compare patient’s experiences with
your own
• Avoid using why and should words in your conversation
as much as possible.
• Don’t blame the patient
• Don’t display boredom or impatience e.g. looking away
• Don’t fiddle
• Don’t negate or devalue, ‘Everyone feels like that’, ‘I
don’t think that’s what you mean’, or “It will pass”
• Don’t jump to conclusions
• Don’t pass judgments: How could you possibly do that!
Don’ts of Counseling
• Don’t ask close-ended questions frequently e.g. Are you
depressed because of the way your boss has been treating
you? This is your perception of the client’s world not
theirs. Closed questions will usually get yes or no for an
answer.
Do’s of Counseling

Non-verbal Prompts
• Eye contact- including observation of body language
• Affirmative head nodding
• Appropriate facial expression
• Silence-usually feels a lot longer to you than the client
• Body posture: e.g. lean slightly forward, uncross arms,
keep comfortable, sit at the same level as the client.
Do’s of Counseling
• Remove barriers
• Maintain privacy: door firmly shut, telephone out of
hearing
• Consideration- e.g. box of tissue offered
• Touch – appropriate
• Let the client be- e.g. let them cry, even let them get up
and move around for a minute if it will help to relax them
Do’s of Counseling
Verbal Prompts
• Take your time
• Yes, I know it hurts
• I know the feeling (only if you do)
• Oh yes, this happens a great deal
• Keep going
• You are doing well
• Go on….
• Tell me something more about
Do’s of Counseling
• I don’t quite understand that
• Is this what you are saying?
• It sounds as if……
• How did you feel?
• How did that strike you?
• What effect did that have?
• What did he/she mean by that?
• Did it worry you?
• What do you think might happen if you do that?
• Have you told anyone?
Do’s of Counseling
Core Conditions
• Unconditional positive regard
• Empathic understanding
• Congruence
THANK YOU
SEE YOU
SOON 

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