TUTORIAL 3 SOLUTIONS

Lecturer: Miss Anis Atikah Ahmad

Tel: +604 976 3245
Email: [email protected]
 QUESTIONS

1. Write the rate laws for the following reactions assuming each reaction
follows an elementary rate laws.
a) C2H6 → C2H4 + H2
b) (CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 ⇌ C2H6 + 2CH3COCH3

2. Write the rate law for the reaction:

2A + B → C
if the reaction
a) is second order in B and overall third order,
b) is zero order in A and first order in B
c) is zero order in both A and B
d) is first order in A and overall zero order
3. The formation of ortho-nitroaniline is formed from the reaction of ortho-
nitrochlorobenzene (ONCB) and aqueous ammonia.
NO 2 NO2

Cl NH 2

+ 2NH3 + NH4Cl

The liquid-phase reaction is first order in both ONCB and ammonia with k=
0.0017 m3/kmol-min at 188°C with E = 11,273 cal/mol. The initial entering
concentration of ONCB and ammonia are 1.8 kmol/m3 and 6.6 kmol/m3
respectively.
a) Write the rate law for the rate of disappearance of ONCB in terms of concentration.
b) Set up stoichiometric table for this reaction for a flow system.
c) Explain how part (a) and (b) would be different for a batch system.
d) Write –rA solely as a function of conversion.
e) What is the initial rate of reaction (X=0) at 188°C and at 25°C?
f) What is the rate of reaction when X = 0.9 at 188°C and at 25°C?
g) What would be the corresponding CSTR volume at 25°C to achieve 90% conversion
at 188°C for a feed rate of 2 dm3/min
QUESTION (1) Write the rate laws for the following reactions assuming
each reaction follows an elementary rate laws.
a) C2H6 → C2H4 + H2
b) (CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 ⇌ C2H6 + 2CH3COCH3

(a) C2H6 → C2H4 + H2

A → B + C

 rA  kCA

(b) (CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 ⇌ C2H6 + 2CH3COCH3

A ⇌ B + 2C

 C B CC2 
 rA  k C A  
 K C 
 Write the rate law for the reaction:
QUESTION (2) 2A + B → C
if the reaction
a) is second order in B and overall third order
b) is zero order in A and first order in B
c) is zero order in both A and B
d) is first order in A and overall zero order

(a)  rA  kCACB
2

(b)  rA  kCB

(c)  rA  k

(d)  rA  kCACB1
 QUESTION (3)(A)
The formation of ortho-nitroaniline is formed from the reaction of ortho-
nitrochlorobenzene (ONCB) and aqueous ammonia.
NO 2 NO2

Cl NH 2

+ 2NH 3 + NH 4Cl

The liquid-phase reaction is first order in both ONCB and ammonia with k=
0.0017 m3/kmol-min at 188°C with E = 11,273 cal/mol. The initial entering
concentration of ONCB and ammonia are 1.8 kmol/m3 and 6.6 kmol/m3
respectively.

(a) Write the rate law for the rate of disappearance of ONCB in terms of
concentration.

Let A = ONCB, B = NH3, C = Nitroaniline , D = NH4Cl

 rA  kCACB
QUESTION (3)(B)
A + 2B → C + D

b) Set up stoichiometric table for this reaction for a flow system

Species Entering Change Leaving

A FA0  FA0 X FA0 1  X 

FB  FB0  2FA0 X
FB0  2FA0 X F 
B  FA0  B0  2 X 
 FA0 
 FA0  B  2 X 

C 0 FA0 X FC  FA0 X

D 0 FA0 X FD  FA0 X
QUESTION (3)(C)
c) Explain how part (a) and (b) would be different for a batch system

For batch system,

NA
CA 
V
N A  NB 
 rA  k  
V V 
 kN A N B /V 2
QUESTION (3)(D)
d) Write –rA solely as a function of conversion.

 rA  kCACB
FA FA0 1  X  FB FA0  B  2 X 
CA   CB  
   

FA0 1  X  FA0  B  2 X 
A  phase rxn, υ = υ
ForCliquid
CB 
0 0
0
 C A0  1  X   C A0   B  2 X 

 rA  kC 1  X  B  2 X 
2
A0
QUESTION (3)(D)

 rA  kCA20 1  X  B  2 X 

C A 0  1.8kmol / m
Substituting the concentration of
3 A & B;
CB0
B 
C B 0  6.6kmol / m 3
C A0
 6.6 
 rA  k 1.8 1  X  
2
 2X 
 1.8 

 3 .24 k 1  X  3 .67  2 X 
QUESTION (3)(E)
e) What is the initial rate of reaction (X=0) at 188°C and at 25°C

 rA  3 .24 k 1  X  3 .67  2 X  ---(1)

i) At T= 188°C, k =0.017m3/kmol-min

Substituting X=0 and k =0.017m3/kmol-min into (1);

 rA  3.24 0.0017m / kmol  min 1  0 3.67  2  0
3

 0 .0202 kmol / m 3  min

QUESTION (3)(E)
e) What is the initial rate of reaction (X=0) at 188°C and at 25°C

 rA  3 .24 k 1  X  3 .67  2 X  ---(1)

ii) At T= 25°C (298.15 K), k =? m3/kmol-min

Find k at T =25°C first

k  T0   Ae  E / RT0
k at initial T is
k  T   Ae  E / RT
k at any temperature is E 1 1 
  
k  T   k  T0  e
R  T0 T 
Taking the ratio;
11273  1 1 
 0.0017m3 kmol  min exp   
 1.987  461.15 298.15 
 2.039x106 m3kmol  min
QUESTION (3)(E)
e) What is the initial rate of reaction (X=0) at 188°C and at 25°C

 rA  3 .24 k 1  X  3 .67  2 X  ---(1)

ii) Now we know that, at T= 25°C (298.15 K), k=

2.039 x 10-6 m3/kmol-min

Therefore, we can calculate –rA at 25° by susbtituting

k= 2.039 x 10-6 m3/kmol-min, and X = 0 in eq (1).

 rA  3.24  2.039 x10 6 1  0  3.67  2  0 

 2 .42 x10 5 kmol / m 3  min

QUESTION (3)(F)
f) What is the rate of reaction when X = 0.9 at 188°C and at 25°C?

 rA  3 .24 k 1  X  3 .67  2 X  ---(1)

(i) At T= 188°C, k =0.0017m3/kmol-min

Substituting X=0.9 and k =0.017m3/kmol-min into (1);

 rA  3 .24  0 .0017 1  0.9   3 .67  2  0 .9  

 1 .03 x10 3 kmol / m 3  min

QUESTION (3)(F)
f) What is the rate of reaction when X = 0.9 at 188°C and at 25°C?

 rA  3 .24 k 1  X  3 .67  2 X  ---(1)

(ii) From part (e) when T= 25°C, k = 2.039 x 10-6 m3/kmol-min

Substituting X=0.9 and k = k = 2.039 x 10-6 m3/kmol-min into (1);

 
 rA  3 .24 2 .039 x10 6 1  0 .9   3 .67  2 0 .9  

 1 .235 x10 6 kmol / m 3  min

QUESTION (3)(G)
g. What would be the corresponding CSTR volume at 25°C to achieve 90%
conversion at 188°C for a feed rate of 2 dm3/min?

FA 0 X
VCSTR 
 rA

C A 0 0 X

 rA

1 .value
Substituting the
VCSTR 
8 kmol 3
 3
/ ,mυ0 and2 dm
of CA0  
/ min& X=0.9);
–rA(at 288°C 0 .9
1 .03 x10  3 kmol / m 3  min
 3,145 .6 m 3