Bridge Course
Digital Logic Design
By
Dr Narayana Swamy Ramaiah
Professor and HoD, Dept of CSE
SCSE,FET, JAIN Deemed to be University
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Explain the Basic Differences between Digital and Analog Quantities
• Show how Voltage Levels are used to Represent Digital Quantities
DIGITAL MEANING
• Digital Expresses Data in Two States
• Electrical Switch example for Data and Digital
Example for Data and Digital
Electrical Switch
DATA ON OFF
DIGITAL 1 0
Automatic Doors
DATA OPEN CLOSED
DIGITAL 1 0
APPLICATIONS
• For many years, Applications of digital electronics were confined to computer systems. Today,
digital technology is applied in a wide range of areas in addition to computers.
• Such applications as television, communications systems, radar, navigation and guidance systems,
military systems, medical instrumentation, industrial process control, and consumer electronics use
digital techniques.
INTRODUCTION
Harvard Mark 1 – 1943
•By Harvard Aiken
•Electro Mechanical Computer
•Slow
•Late Invented as ElectroMechanical Computer
•Not popular because Electronic era has been started.
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer )– 1946
•First Large Scale digital Electronic Computer
•Build by John Mauchly John Echert at Uni. Of
Pennsylvania
•Developed for US Military
•Used 19000 Vacuum Tubes
•Area 9X80 feet
•Weight 30 tons
•Power Consumed 150 kilowatts
Univac 1 (UNIVersal Autmatic Computer) – 1951
•By Echert and MAuchly Computer Company
•48 Machine were sold
•First Personal Computer
•Altair 8800 – 1975
•Micro Instruments Telemetry Systems
•Based on Intel Microprocessor -8080
•Memory- 256 bytes
•Input by switches
•Output by lamps
IBM Personal Computer (PC)
•Model: 5150
•Released: September 1981
•Price: US $1,565 ~ $3,000
•CPU: Intel 8088, 4.77MHz
•RAM: 16K, 640K max
•Display: 80 X 24 text
•Storage: dual 160KB 5.25-inch disk drives
•Ports: cassette & keyboard only5 internal expansion slots
•OS: PC-DOS v1.0
TODAYS APPLICATIONS
ANALOG VS DIGITAL
• Electronic circuits can be divided into two broad categories, digital and analog.
• Digital electronics involves quantities with discrete values, and analog electronics
involves quantities with continuous values.
• Understanding of analog and digital is important.
DATA CONTINOUSLY DATA PRESENT NOT
PRESENT PRESENT
ANALOG Temperature Value DIGITAL 1 0
THE DIGITAL ADVANTAGE
• Digital representation has certain advantages over analog representation in electronics
applications.
• For one thing, Digital data can be processed and transmitted more efficiently and reliably than
analog data.
• Also, digital data has a great advantage when storage is necessary.
• For example, music when converted to digital form can be stored more compactly and reproduced
with greater accuracy and clarity than is possible when it is in analog form.
• Noise (unwanted voltage fluctuations) does not affect digital data nearly as much as it does
analog signals.
DIGITAL APPLICATION
ANALOG APPLICATION
MECHATRONICS (BOTH ANALOG AND DIGITAL)
BINARY DIGITS, LOGIC LEVELS, AND DIGITAL
WAVEFORMS
• Digital Electronics involves circuits and systems in which there are only Two Possible
States.
• Two possible states are represented by Two Different Voltage Levels
• HIGH
• LOW
• Two state number system is called binary, its two digits are 0 and 1
• Binary digit is called bit
• Each of the two digits in the binary system, 1 and 0 is called a bit
BINARY DIGITS
• Two different voltage levels are used to represent the two bits.
Voltage HIGH LOW
Levels
BINARY 1 0
DIGIT
bit bit
POSITIVE LOGIC AND NEGATIVE LOGIC
• Positive Logic
Voltage Levels HIGH LOW
BINARY DIGIT 1 0
• Negative Logic
Voltage Levels HIGH LOW
BINARY DIGIT 0 1
LOGIC LEVELS
Voltage Levels HIGH LOW
BINARY DIGIT 1 0
Input Voltage 2V to 5V 0V to 0.8V
Voltage Levels HIGH LOW
BINARY DIGIT 1 0
Input Voltage 5V 0V
DIGITAL WAVEFORMS
CODES
• In computer systems, combinations of two states called CODES are used to represent
numbers, symbols, alphabetic characters, and other types of information.
THANK
YOU
