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PHYS220 - Lecture 1.1

1) A simple harmonic motion (SHM) is a periodic motion where the position over time follows a sinusoidal pattern. 2) A classic example of SHM is a mass attached to a spring, where the restoring force of the spring is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium. 3) For a mass attached to a spring, the motion is oscillatory between a maximum and minimum displacement, with the spring providing a restoring force that depends on the displacement and points towards the equilibrium position.

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Savio Khoury
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29 views

PHYS220 - Lecture 1.1

1) A simple harmonic motion (SHM) is a periodic motion where the position over time follows a sinusoidal pattern. 2) A classic example of SHM is a mass attached to a spring, where the restoring force of the spring is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium. 3) For a mass attached to a spring, the motion is oscillatory between a maximum and minimum displacement, with the spring providing a restoring force that depends on the displacement and points towards the equilibrium position.

Uploaded by

Savio Khoury
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 15

Oscillatory Motion

1
What is a Simple Harmonic Motion
(SHM)?
 A periodic motion is a motion that is
repeated at regular time intervals.
 An oscillation is a motion that proceeds

back and forth over the same path.


 A SHM is a periodic motion. Its position

vs time function is a sinusoidal function


(sine and cosine function).
 A classic example of a SHM is provided
SHM
by the oscillations of a mass attached to a
spring.

2
Block + Spring: Restoring force
 The force required to stretch or compress the spring is
proportional to the displacement:
Fapplied=k.x
k (N/m): the spring constant,
x (m): the displacement. Equilibrium
position

 The reaction force exerted by the spring Fs is equal in


magnitude to F and has opposite direction.
Fs= -k.x
Restoring force.
3
Block+Spring: Oscillatory motion
 The restoring force Fs=-k.x is always pointed to the
equilibrium position (x=0). It opposites the displacement and
acts to restore the object to its equilibrium position.

x>0
Fs<0

x=0
Fs = 0

x<0
Fs>0

The position is a sinusoidal function of time


oscillating between a maximum (+A) and a
minimum (-A).
4
Block+Spring: Equation of motion
Relation between a and x
𝐹  𝑆=− 𝑘 ⃗
⃗ 𝑥 

−  𝐴 𝑥=0
  +  𝐴
(Equilibrium
position)

𝐹  𝑆=− 𝑘 ⃗
⃗ 𝑥  Newton’s second law:
  ⃗ 𝑘
∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =𝑚 𝑎 →− 𝑘𝑥=𝑚𝑎 → 𝑎=− 𝑚 𝑥
⃗
−  𝐴 𝑥=0
  +  𝐴
(Equilibrium
position)

  𝟐
𝒂=− 𝝎 𝒙 (Relation between a and x)

5
Block+Spring: Mechanical energy

−  𝐴 𝑥=0
  +  𝐴
(Equilibrium
position)

Mechanical Energy = Kinetic Energy + Elastic Potential Energy


  1 2 1 2
𝐸= 𝑚 𝑣 + 𝑘 𝑥
2 2

6
Block+Spring: Conservation of mechanical energy
Relation between v and x

 The surface is frictionless No loss in


−  𝐴 𝑥=0
  +  𝐴
(Equilibrium mechanical energy The mechanical energy E is
position) the same at any time.
𝐸
  ( 𝑎𝑡 − 𝐴 < 𝑥 < 𝐴 )= 𝐸 ( 𝑎𝑡 𝑥=± 𝐴 )
1
  𝑚 𝑣 2+ 1 𝑘 𝑥 2=0+ 1 𝑘 𝐴 2
2 2 2

2 2 2 2
  =𝜔 ( 𝐴 − 𝑥 )
𝑣

  𝟐 𝟐
𝒗 =± 𝝎 √ 𝑨 − 𝒙 (Relation between v and x)

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