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Geometry

This document provides an overview of geometry concepts including measuring distance, area, and volume using both U.S. customary and metric units. Key topics covered include rounding measurements, calculating perimeters and circumferences of polygons and circles, finding areas of rectangles, triangles, trapezoids, and circles, and calculating volumes of rectangular solids, cylinders, cones, and spheres. The document also discusses applications of geometry such as finding costs, using the Pythagorean theorem, and identifying different types of angles and triangles based on their properties. Examples are provided to illustrate how to select and apply the correct formulas.

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Paul
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80 views

Geometry

This document provides an overview of geometry concepts including measuring distance, area, and volume using both U.S. customary and metric units. Key topics covered include rounding measurements, calculating perimeters and circumferences of polygons and circles, finding areas of rectangles, triangles, trapezoids, and circles, and calculating volumes of rectangular solids, cylinders, cones, and spheres. The document also discusses applications of geometry such as finding costs, using the Pythagorean theorem, and identifying different types of angles and triangles based on their properties. Examples are provided to illustrate how to select and apply the correct formulas.

Uploaded by

Paul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEOMETRY

CHAPTER 3
Geometry & Measurement

3.1 Measuring Distance, Area


and Volume
3.2 Applications and Problem
Solving
3.3 Lines, Angles and Triangles
3.1 Rounding Measurements

To round:
1. Underline the place
2. If number to the right of the under-
lined place is 5 or more, add one
3. Otherwise, do not change
4. Change all digits to the right of
underlined number to zeros
3.1 Rounding Example

Example: Round 38.67 centimeters


to the nearest centimeter
1. 38.67
2. First number to the right of 8 is
“6”, so add one to 8
4. Change all digits to the right to
0’s. The answer is, 39.00 or 39
3.1 Calculating Distances

Linear Measure - a distance which


could be around a polygon (perimeter)
or around a circle (circumference)
Perimeter - sum of the lengths of
the sides
Circumference - distance around
circle C = π d member
(Re d = 2r )
3.1 Metric Measures

Measure can be in U.S. system


(yd, ft, etc.) or metric (cm,m, etc)

King Henry Died Monday


km hm dam m
kilometer hectometer dekameter meter

Drinking Chocolate Milk


dm cm mm
decimeter centimeter millimeter
3.1 Metric Measures

1 km = 1000 m 1 dm = 0.1 m
1 hm = 100 m 1 cm = 0.01 m
1 dam = 10 m 1 mm = 0.001 m
3.1 Linear Distance

2. What is the distance around the


polygon, in meters? 78 cm 75 cm
78 + 95 +
80 + 75 = 328 cm 95 cm 80 cm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

A. 328 m B. 32.8 m
C. 3.28 m D. 0.328m
3.1 Calculating Areas

Rectangle
Parallelogram
Square
Triangle
b2
Trapezoid
b1
r Circle
3.1 Area - Square Units

4. What is the area of a circular


region whose diameter is 6 cm?
Formula: If d = 6,
2
A = π r
= π (3) 2 then r = 3

A. 36π sq. cm B. 6π sq. cm


C. 12π sq. cm D. 9π sq. cm
3.1 Examples of Area

Surface area of a rectangular


solid H
There are 6 W Front/back
faces of L
Sides (Left/Right)
the solid
Top/Bottom
A=2LH +2WH +2LW Square units
3.1 Examples of Area
6. What is the surface area
of a rectangular solid that is H=6
12 in. long, 5 in. wide and 6 W=5
in. high? L=12
A=2LH +2WH +2LW
A=2(12)(6)+2(5)(6)+2(12)(5)
A. 360 cubic in. B. 324 sq. in.
C. 324 cubic in. D. 360 sq. in.
3.1 Volume - Cubic Units

h Rectangular Solid
V=lwh
w l
r 2
h Cylinder V =π r h
1
h Cone V= π r h
2

r 3
4 3
r Sphere V= π r
3
3.1 Example of Volume

8. What is the volume of a sphere


with a 12 inch diameter?
4 If d = 12,
Formula: V = π r 3
then r = 6
3
4 3
V = π (6) Since (6)(6)(6)= 216, the
3 only reasonable ans. is C
3.1 Identifying the Unit

9. Which of the following would not be


used to measure the amount of water
needed to fill a swimming pool?

A. Cubic feet B. Liters


C. Gallons D. Meters linear
Think of “volume” as capacity or
filling up the inside of a 3D figure.
3.2 Application Example

1. What will be the cost of tiling a room


measuring 12 ft. by 15 ft. if square tiles
cost $2 each & measure 12 in.?

Since 12 inches = 1 ft, one tile is 1 ft on


each side or 1 sq. ft.
Area room: A = bh; (12)(15) = 180 sq ft
And (180)($2) = $360 cost

A. $180 B. $4320 C. $360 D. $3600


3.2 Pythagorean Theorem

For any RIGHT


TRIANGLE Side opposite
c the right
a angle is the
hypotenuse
b
“c”

c = a +b
2 2 2
3.2 Pythagorean Theorem

3. A TV antenna 12 ft. high is to be anchored


by 3 wires each attached to the top of 12 c
antenna and to pts on the roof 5 ft. from
base of the antenna. If wire costs $.75 per
5
ft, what will be the cost?

2 2 2
c = a +b
2 2 2
A. $27.00
c = (12) + (5) = 144 + 25 = 169
B. $29.25
c = 13 and 3 wires x 13 ft = 39 ft
Cost is .75 x 39 =$29.25 C. $9.75
D. $38.25
3.2 Infer & Select Formulas

7. The figure shows a regular hexagon


Select the formula for total area

Total area is the area of the


6 identical triangles.
h
If area of 1 triangle = 1/2xbh, b
then 6 x 1/2 x bh = 3 bh

A. 3h+b B. 6(h+b) C. 6hb D. 3hb


3.3 Lines; Angles; Triangles

ANGLES TRIANGLES

straight angle 180 Right triangle


right angle 90 Acute triangle
obtuse > 90, < 180 Obtuse triangle
acute angle < 90 Scalene triangle
comp. sum to 90 Isosceles
supp. sum to 180 Equilateral
vertical angles-equal
3.3 Properties Example

2. What type of triangle is ABC? 70°


Since sum of angles of
55°
triangle = 180,
and 55 + 70 = 125,
then angle C = 180 - 125 = 55.
If 2 angles = , then isosceles. C

A. Isosceles B. Right
C. Equilateral D. Scalene
3.3 Angle Measures

1. B S Theorem B S
All B’s are = , S B
All S’s are = B S
B + S = 180 S B

2. Perpendicular lines intersect


to form right angles.
3.3 Angle Measures

Terminology 1 2
L
The parallel lines are 1
3 4
cut by transversal T 5 6
L2
7 8
Corresponding angles are = T
1 and 5, 3 and 7, 2 and 6, 4 and 8

Vertical angles are =


1 and 4, 3 and 2, 6 and 7, 5 and 8
3.3 Angle Measures

Terminology 1 2
L
The parallel lines are 1
3 4
cut by transversal T 5 6
L2
7 8
T
Alternate interior angles are =
4 and 5, 3 and 6
Alternate exterior angles are =
1 and 8, 2 and 7
3.3 Angle Measures

3. If 2 angles of a triangle
are = , then sides opposite
are =

4. If 2 sides of a triangle
are =, then angles
opposite are =
3.3 Examples

6. Which statement is 60 75
true for the figure shown L1 45 R
75 60 45
at the right given that L1 105 S T7545 135
and L2 are parallel? L2
75 V 45
105 135
After using the BS
theorem, angle T A.Since m∠T = 75°,m∠S = 60°
does = 75 and B.Since m∠T = 75°,m∠S = 105°
angle S=105
C.m∠V = m∠R
D.None
€
3.3 Similar Triangles

Two triangles are similar if all


angles are = and sides proportional
A
10.Which statements are true? 7.5
i. mA = mE x
40
ii. AC = 6 D
40 C B
iii. CE/CA = CB/CD 5 4
E
Since m  D=m  B and  DCE and  ACB are
Vertical angles m  A=m  E
A. i only B. ii only C. i and ii only D. i, ii, iii
3.3 Similar Triangles

Two triangles are similar if all


angles are = and sides proportional
A
10.Which statements are true? 7.5
i. mA = mE x
40
ii. AC = 6 D
40 C B
iii. CE/CA = CB/CD 5 4
E
The triangle are similar, thus ratios of corresponding
sides are =. x/4 = 7.5/5 thus x= 4(7.5)/5 = 6

A. i only B. ii only C. i and ii only D. i, ii, iii


3.3 Similar Triangles

Two triangles are similar if all


angles are = and sides proportional
A
10.Which statements are true? 7.5
i. mA = mE x
40
ii. AC = 6 D
40 C B
iii. CE/CA = CB/CD 5 4
E
The triangle are similar, thus ratios of corresponding
sides are =. CE/CA = CD/CB thus iii is false!

A. i only B. ii only C. i and ii only D. i, ii, iii


REMEMBER

MATH IS FUN
AND …
YOU CAN DO IT

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