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Steam Nozzle

The document discusses steam turbines. It explains that steam turbines convert the high temperature and pressure of steam from a boiler into mechanical power and then electrical power. The steam expands through a nozzle, emitting a high velocity jet that impacts turbine blades mounted on a rotating shaft, transferring momentum and creating a force. Turbines can be compounded with multiple stages to reduce rotational speed. Impulse turbines transfer energy only due to velocity change, while reaction turbines transfer energy from both velocity and pressure changes. The degree of reaction describes the relationship between these static and dynamic pressure changes.

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Jayant Sisodia
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39 views15 pages

Steam Nozzle

The document discusses steam turbines. It explains that steam turbines convert the high temperature and pressure of steam from a boiler into mechanical power and then electrical power. The steam expands through a nozzle, emitting a high velocity jet that impacts turbine blades mounted on a rotating shaft, transferring momentum and creating a force. Turbines can be compounded with multiple stages to reduce rotational speed. Impulse turbines transfer energy only due to velocity change, while reaction turbines transfer energy from both velocity and pressure changes. The degree of reaction describes the relationship between these static and dynamic pressure changes.

Uploaded by

Jayant Sisodia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Steam nozzle

Supersaturation

Axial Pressure distribution in a convergent divergent nozzle with spontaneous


condensation
Supersaturation
Supercooling is defined as the difference between the saturation temperature Ts(P) at the vapor pressure
P and the vapor temperature Tv. It is often represented by symbol ∆T. ∆T = TS(P ) − Tv.
Steam Turbine

• Steam turbine convert a part of the energy of the steam evidenced by high
temperature and pressure into mechanical power-in turn electrical power
• The steam from the boiler is expanded in a nozzle, resulting in the emission
of a high velocity jet. This jet of steam impinges on the moving vanes or
blades, mounted on a shaft. Here it undergoes a change of direction of
motion which gives rise to a change in momentum and therefore a force.
• The motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in
momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade
which is free to rotate.
• The conversion of energy in the blades takes place by impulse, reaction or
impulse reaction principle.
• Steam turbines are available in a few kW (as prime mover) to 1500 MW
Steam Turbine Stage
Types of Steam Turbine
Flow Through Steam Turbine Stage
Compounding of Steam Turbines
This is done to reduce the rotational speed of the impulse turbine to
practical limits.
Compounding is achieved by using more than one set of nozzles,
blades rotors in a series keyed to a common shaft; so that either the
steam pressure or the jet velocity is absorbed by the turbine in stages.

Three main types of compounded impulse turbines are:


a. Pressure compounded
b. Velocity compounded
c. Pressure and velocity compounded impulse turbines
Comparison between Impulse & Reaction Turbines
Degree of Reaction

• Degree of reaction is a parameter that describes the relation between


the energy transfer due to the static pressure change and the energy
transfer due to dynamic pressure change.
• Degree of reaction is defined as the ratio of static pressure drop in
the rotor to the static pressure drop in the stage. It is also defined as
the ratio of static enthalpy drop in the rotor to the static enthalpy
drop in the stage
Steam Turbine Blade Terminology

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