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Chi-Square Test

The Chi Square statistic is commonly used to test relationships between categorical variables and evaluate tests of independence in cross tabulations. It tests whether two categorical variables are independent in a population. The null hypothesis is that no relationship exists between the variables. There are two types of categorical variables: nominal which have no natural ordering, and ordinal which can be ordered. Chi square is a non-parametric test used to show association between two qualitative variables, while correlation is used for two quantitative variables. A Chi-Square test determines if two dichotomous variables are independent by testing the null hypothesis that they are independent against the alternative that they are related.

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51 views

Chi-Square Test

The Chi Square statistic is commonly used to test relationships between categorical variables and evaluate tests of independence in cross tabulations. It tests whether two categorical variables are independent in a population. The null hypothesis is that no relationship exists between the variables. There are two types of categorical variables: nominal which have no natural ordering, and ordinal which can be ordered. Chi square is a non-parametric test used to show association between two qualitative variables, while correlation is used for two quantitative variables. A Chi-Square test determines if two dichotomous variables are independent by testing the null hypothesis that they are independent against the alternative that they are related.

Uploaded by

vimala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Chi Square statistic is commonly used for

 Testing relationships between categorical variables. 

 most commonly used to evaluate Tests of Independence when using a crosstabulation (also
known as a bivariate table)

 The null hypothesis of the Chi-Square test is that no relationship exists on the categorical
variables in the population; they are independent. 
Categorical variables represent types of data which may be
divided into groups. Examples of categorical variables are race,
sex, age group, and educational level

There are broadly two types of categorical variables:


1.Nominal Variable: A nominal variable has no natural
ordering to its categories. They have two or more
categories.
CategoricalFor example,
variables fallMarital Status (Single,
into a particular Married,
category of
Divorcee); Gender
those variables (Male,
that Female,
can be Transgender),
divided etc.
into finite categories.
2.Ordinal Variable:
These categories A generally
are variable for whichor
names the categories
labels. These can
be placed are
variables in an order.
also Forqualitative
called example, Customer
variablesSatisfaction
as they
(Excellent, Very Good,
depict the quality Good, Average,ofBad),
or characteristics that and so on
particular
When the data we want to analyze contains this type of
variable.
variable, we turn to the chi-square test, denoted by χ², to
test our hypothesis.
There are broadly two types of categorical variables:
1.Nominal Variable: A nominal variable has no natural
ordering to its categories. They have two or more
categories. For example, Marital Status (Single, Married,
Divorcee); Gender (Male, Female, Transgender), etc.
2.Ordinal Variable: A variable for which the categories can
be placed in an order. For example, Customer Satisfaction
(Excellent, Very Good, Good, Average, Bad), and so on
When the data we want to analyze contains this type of
variable, we turn to the chi-square test, denoted by χ², to
test our hypothesis.
Chi square is a non-parametric test that is used to show association between two
qualitative variables (like gender and eye color) ;

while correlation (Pearson coefficient) is used to test the correlation between two quantitative
variables (like heart rate and blood pressure

A Chi-Square test is a test of statistical significance for


categorical variables.

In Independence Testing we used the chi-square test to


determine whether two variables were independent. We
now look at the same problem using dichotomous
variables.
Chi square test
Step 1: Stating the Hypothesis
•Ho: There is no relationship between the two categorical variables. (They
are independent.)
•Ha: There is a relationship between the two categorical variables. (They are
not independent.)
In our example, the null and alternative hypotheses would then state:
•Ho: There is no relationship between gender and drunk driving.
•Ha: There is a relationship between gender and drunk driving.
Or equivalently,
•Ho: Drunk driving and gender are independent
•Ha: Drunk driving and gender are not independent and hence the name
“chi-square test for independence.”
Step 2: The Idea of the Chi-Square Test
Co-relation
The hypotheses we are testing are:
•H0: There is no linear relationship between X and Y
(r=0)
•Ha: There is a linear relationship between X and Y (r≠0)

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