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Chapter 2. Network Models

This document discusses network models and layered network architectures. It describes the OSI 7-layer model and compares it to the TCP/IP protocol suite. Each layer of the OSI model is defined along with its responsibilities. The physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layers are outlined. Addressing in networks is also summarized, including physical, logical, port and specific addresses.

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Tanvir Rahman
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60 views

Chapter 2. Network Models

This document discusses network models and layered network architectures. It describes the OSI 7-layer model and compares it to the TCP/IP protocol suite. Each layer of the OSI model is defined along with its responsibilities. The physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layers are outlined. Addressing in networks is also summarized, including physical, logical, port and specific addresses.

Uploaded by

Tanvir Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Chapter 2.

Network Models

1. Layered Tasks
2. The OSI Model
3. Layers in the OSI Model
4. TCP/IP Protocol Suite
5. Addressing

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Layered Model: Sending a Letter

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OSI Model
• ISO is the organization. OSI is the model

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Interaction between layers in the OSI model
• Layer and interface

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An exchange using the OSI model
• Encapsulation with header and possibly trailer

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Physical Layer
• The physical layer is responsible for movements of individual bits
from one hop (node) to the next
• Mechanical and electrical specification, the procedures and functions

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Physical Layer: Duties

• Physical characteristics of interfaces and media


• Representation of bits
• Data rate
• Synchronization of bits
• Line configuration
• Physical topology
• Transmission mode

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Data Link Layer
• The data link layer is responsible for moving frames from
one hop (node) to the next
• Transform the physical layer to a reliable (error-free) link

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Data Link Layer: Duties

• Framing
• Physical addressing
• Flow control
• Error control
• Access control

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Hop-to-Hop Delivery

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Network Layer

• The network layer is responsible for the delivery of


packets from the source host to the destination host

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Network Layer: Duties
• Logical addressing and routing

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Transport Layer

• The transport layer is responsible for delivery of a message


from one process to another

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Transport Layer: Duties

• Service-point (port) addressing


• Segmentation and reassembly
• Connection control
• Flow control
• Error control

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Reliable Process-to-Process Delivery of a Message

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Session Layer

• Session layer is responsible for dialog control and


synchronization

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Presentation Layer

• Presentation layer is responsible for translation,


compression, and encryption

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Application Layer

• Application layer is responsible for providing services to


the user

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Application Layer: Services

• Network virtual terminal


• Mail services
• File transfer, access, and management
• Directory services

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Summary of Layers

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TCP/IP and OSI Model

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TCP/IP Protocol Suite

• Host-to-network : Physical and data link layer


– No specific protocol
• Network layer
– IP(Internet Protocl), ARP(Address Resolution Protocol),
RARP(Reverse ARP), ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol),
IGMO(Internet Group Message Protocol)
• Transport layer
– TCP(Transmission Control Protocol), UDP(User Datagram
Protocl), SCTP(Stream Control Transmission Protocol),
• Application Layer
– Combined session, presentation, and application layers

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Addressing
• Four levels of addresses in TCP/IP protocols
• Physical (link), logical (IP, network), port, and specific addresses

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Relationship of Layers and Addresses

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Physical Address
• A node with physical address 10 sends a frame to a node with physical
address 87. The two nodes are connected by a link (bus topology
LAN). As the figure shows, the computer with physical address 10 is
the sender, and the computer with physical address 87 is the receiver.

07:01:02:01:2C:4B
A 6-byte (12 hexadecimal digits) physical address.

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Logical (IP) Address

• The physical addresses will change from hop to hop, but the logical
addresses usually remain the same
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Port Address
• The physical addresses change from hop to hop, but the logical and
port addresses usually remain the same

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Specific Address
• Some application have user-friendly addresses that are designed for
that specific address
• Example 1: e-mail address: [email protected]
– Defines the recipient of an e-mail
• Example 2: URL (Universal Resource Locator) : www.kbs.co.kr
– Used to find a document on the WWW

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