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Managers As Leaders: Presented By: Zunaira Tauqeer (BBA-3)

Managers should ideally be leaders. Early leadership theories focused on identifying traits of successful leaders, such as drive, integrity, intelligence and extraversion. Behavioral theories studied leadership styles. The University of Iowa identified autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire styles, finding democratic leaders most satisfying. The Ohio State studies identified consideration for others and initiating structure as key dimensions. The University of Michigan found employee-oriented leaders associated with high productivity and satisfaction. The Managerial Grid evaluates styles based on concern for people and production.

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37 views12 pages

Managers As Leaders: Presented By: Zunaira Tauqeer (BBA-3)

Managers should ideally be leaders. Early leadership theories focused on identifying traits of successful leaders, such as drive, integrity, intelligence and extraversion. Behavioral theories studied leadership styles. The University of Iowa identified autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire styles, finding democratic leaders most satisfying. The Ohio State studies identified consideration for others and initiating structure as key dimensions. The University of Michigan found employee-oriented leaders associated with high productivity and satisfaction. The Managerial Grid evaluates styles based on concern for people and production.

Uploaded by

Zunaira Tauqeer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Managers As

Leaders

Presented by: Zunaira Tauqeer


(BBA-3)
Who Are Leaders and What Is
Leadership
• Leader – Someone who can influence others and who
has managerial authority.
• Leadership –the process of influencing a group to
achieve goals
• Ideally, all managers should be leaders
Early Leadership Theories

Trait Theories (1920s -1930s)


• Research focused on identifying characteristics that
differentiated leaders from nonleaders.
• Later research on the leadership process identified
eight traits associated with successful leadership.
Eight Traits Associated with
Leadership
1) Drive; leader has high level of effort and desire for
achievement. They are ambitious and show initiative.
2) Desire to lead; leader have strong desire to control and
lead other.
3) Honesty and integrity; leader build trusting relationship
with followers and they are consistent between words
and deeds.
4) Self-confidence; leaders shall be self-confident in order
to convince followers.
5) Intelligence; leaders shall be intelligent so they can
solve problems and make correct decisions.
6) Job relevant knowledge; leaders shall have high degree
of knowledge about company and technical matters.
7) Extraversion; leader shall be energetic and social
8) Proneness to guilt; leader must have ability to suffer
from any situation and have a strong sense of responsibility
for others.
Behavioral Theories

University of Iowa Studies (Kurt Lewis)


• Identified three leadership styles:
– Autocratic style: individual control over all decision, one
side decision and little participation.
– Democratic style: involves employee in decision making
and high participation, plus feedback.
– Laissez faire style: group make decision, little guidance
and complete freedom to make decision.
• Research findings: mixed results Employees were more
satisfied under a democratic leader than an autocratic
leader.
Ohio State Studies
• Identified two dimensions of leader behavior:
– Initiating structure: the role of the leader in defining
his or her role and the roles of group members.
– Consideration: the leader’s mutual trust and respect for
group members’ ideas and feelings.
• Research findings:
– High-high leaders generally, but not always, achieved
high group task performance and satisfaction.
University of Michigan Studies
• Identified two dimensions of leader behavior:
– Employee oriented: emphasizing personal relationships
and taking care of employee needs.
– Production oriented: emphasizing task accomplishment
• Research findings:
• – Leaders who are employee oriented are strongly
associated with high group productivity and high job
satisfaction.
Managerial Grid

Evaluates leadership styles using two dimensions:


• Concern for people: vertical part of grid.
• Concern for production: the horizontal part of grid.
Although the grid have 81 potential categories into which a
leaders behavioral style might fall but only five styles were
named;
• Impoverished management
• Task management
• Middle-of-the-road management
• Country club management
• Team management

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