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Work System Design: Setting Standard Time

The document discusses setting standard times for work through time studies using a 7 step process: 1. Choose a job for the time study 2. Inform the worker that their job will be studied 3. Break the job into easily recognizable elements 4. Calculate the number of cycles to observe based on a formula for desired accuracy 5. Time each element and record times and performance ratings 6. Compute normal time by multiplying mean observed time by performance and frequency factors 7. Compute standard time by multiplying normal time by an allowance factor to account for breaks etc.

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Gas2s Gaming
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84 views

Work System Design: Setting Standard Time

The document discusses setting standard times for work through time studies using a 7 step process: 1. Choose a job for the time study 2. Inform the worker that their job will be studied 3. Break the job into easily recognizable elements 4. Calculate the number of cycles to observe based on a formula for desired accuracy 5. Time each element and record times and performance ratings 6. Compute normal time by multiplying mean observed time by performance and frequency factors 7. Compute standard time by multiplying normal time by an allowance factor to account for breaks etc.

Uploaded by

Gas2s Gaming
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Work System Design

Setting Standard Time


Standard time help a company to
plan and to know how long
would it takes to do a job.
Moreover, this technique allow
us to make workload forecasts,
plan the labor needed and
schedule work.

How to do a time study?


Time study is a technique that sets a standard time based on actual
timed observation of the operation.
Procedure for a time study

 Step 1. Choose the job for the time study.


 Step 2. Tell the worker whose job will be studying.
 Step 3. Break the job into easily recognizable units.
 Step 4. Calculate the number of cycles you must observed.
 Step 5. Time each element, record the time, and rate the worker’s performance.
 Step 6. Compute normal time. NT = (MOT)(PRF)(F)
 Step 7. Compute the standard time. ST = (NT)(AF)

Let’s look at these steps in detail.


Step 1. Choose the job for the time study.

Step 1. As an individual, you set standards for yourself based on the


tasks that are typical of your workday. The same is true for your
company: you base standard times on the routine, labor-intensive jobs
rather than one-of-a-kind jobs. Use this criterion for choosing your time-
study job in Step 1.
Step 2. Tell the worker whose job will be studying.

Step 2. It is also important to inform the employee in advance that you will
be making a time study of the job. Be sensitive to how the employee will
feel as you time performance.
Step 3. Break the job into easily recognizable units.

Step 3. To break a job down into easily recognizable elements, think about making a hand-
tossed pizza:
1. Find the right-sized ball of dough (this depends on the pizza size).
2. Flatten out the dough.
3. Spin and toss the dough until it is the size you want.
4. Put the pizza on the working area.
5. Add sauce.
6. Add cheese.
7. Add additional toppings.
8. Put the pizza in the oven and bake.
Each of these elements has a clear starting and ending point, and you cannot break
it down any further
Step 4. Calculate the number of cycles you must observed.

Step 4. When making a time study, you need to know how many cycles, or how
many times, you must observe the worker to ensure the results you want. The number of cycles is a
function of the variability of observed times, the desired level of
accuracy or precision, and the desired level of confidence for the estimated standard times. We often
express the desired accuracy level as a percentage of the mean observed times.
For example, we might want an accuracy level so that the standard
time is within 10 percent of the true mean of the time it takes to do the job.
The formula for determining the number of observations needed is

Where
n = the number of observations of an element that are needed
z = the number of normal standard deviations needed for desired
confidence
s = the standard deviation of the sample
a = the desired accuracy or precision
x = the mean of the sample observations
Step 5. Time each element, record the time, and rate the worker’s performance.
Step 6. Compute normal time. NT = (MOT)(PRF)(F)

Step 6. We compute the normal time for each work element by


multiplying the
mean observed time by the performance rating factor by the
frequency of occurrence
[NT = (MOT)(PRF)(F)]

However, it does not allow for personal time, fatigue, or


unavoidable delays (PFD) during the
typical workday. Therefore, we adjust the normal time with
an allowance factor.

Allowance factor refers to the amount of time the


analyst allows for personal
time, fatigue, and unavoidable delays.
Step 7. Compute the standard time. ST = (NT)(AF)

Step 7. Now that we know how to calculate the allowance factor, let’s continue with our
pizza-making example and determine a standard time. The standard time equals the normal
time multiplied by the allowance factor.
Predetemined Time Data

Published database of elemental time data used for establishing standard times.
Work Sampling

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