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Data Final

This presentation discusses digital transmission and digital-to-digital conversion techniques. It covers line coding, which converts bits to signals; the relationship between data and signal rates; and examples of line coding schemes like NRZ, RZ, Manchester, and AMI. It also briefly mentions analog to digital conversion techniques like PCM and DM, and transmission modes like parallel, asynchronous, synchronous and isochronous.

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Anik Dey
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

Data Final

This presentation discusses digital transmission and digital-to-digital conversion techniques. It covers line coding, which converts bits to signals; the relationship between data and signal rates; and examples of line coding schemes like NRZ, RZ, Manchester, and AMI. It also briefly mentions analog to digital conversion techniques like PCM and DM, and transmission modes like parallel, asynchronous, synchronous and isochronous.

Uploaded by

Anik Dey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENTATION

ON
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
PRESENTATION TOPIC : DIGITAL TRANSMISSION
SUBMITTED TO : TANJIA CHOWDHURY
SUBMITTED BY : RONY NATH
ID : 666-48-02
DIGITAL-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERSION

Digital-to-digital encoding is the representation of digital


information by a digital signal.

The conversion involves three techniques:


(i)Line coding,
(ii)Block coding,
(iii)Scrambling.
LINE CODING
Line coding converts a sequence of bits to a digital signal.
Converting a string of 1’s and 0’s into a sequence of signals that
denote the 1’s and 0’s.
For example 1 represent high voltage level (+V) & 0 represent low
voltage (0 or –V).
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
DATA RATE AND SIGNAL RATE
The data rate defines the number of bits sent per sec (bps)
It is also known as bit rate.
The signal rate is the number of signal elements sent in a
second and is measured in bauds.
Goal is to increase the data rate whilst reducing the baud
rate.
DATA RATE AND BAUD RATE
We can formulate the relationship between data rate and
signal rate as:
S = c * N * 1/r baud
where N is data rate , c is the case factor , r is ratio
between data element & signal element , S is the number
of signal elements.
EXAMPLE
A signal is carrying data in which one data element is
encoded as one signal element (r=1). If the bit rate is
100 kbps, what is the average value of the baud rate
if c is between 0 and 1?
Ans: We assume that the average value of c is ½. The baud
rate is then
S = c*N*1/r = ½*100,000*1/1 = 50,000 = 50 kbaud
EFFECT OF LACK OF
SYNCHRONIZATION
LINE CODING SCHEMES
UNIPOLAR
Unipolar encoding uses only one voltage.
NRZ scheme is an example of this code.
1 is coded as +ve voltage & 0 is coded as –ve voltage.
Unipolar NRZ scheme is below then:
POLAR - NRZ
The voltage are on both sides of the time axis.
Implemented with two voltages (1 for +V & 0 for –V)
There are two versions:
NRZ-L : The level of the voltage determines the value of
the bit.
NRZ-I : If the bit is 0 there is no change ;
If the bit is 1 there is change.
POLAR - RZ
Polar-RZ scheme uses three voltage values (+,0,-).
The signal changes during the bit. A 1 bit is represented by
positive-to-zero & 0 bit by negative-to-zero.
More complex.
Polar RZ scheme:
POLAR-BIPHASE
MANCHESTER & DIFFERENTIAL MANCHESTER
Manchester coding consists of combining the NRZ-L and
RZ schemes.
Differential Manchester coding consist of combing the
NRZ-I and RZ schemes.
BIPOLAR- AMI AND
PSEUDOTERNARY

Bipolar Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) – the “0” symbol is


represented by zero voltage and the “1” symbol alternates
between + V and –V .
Pseudoternary is the reverse of AMI.
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERSION
Use two techniques, PCM and DM.
Process of PCM: Filtering, Sampling, Quantization,
Encoding.
TRANSMISSION MODES
Parallel transmission permits of a n group of bits simultaneously.
Asynchronous transmission is slower, due to extra bits & the gaps.
Synchronous transmission data are sent as frames in fixed intervals.
Isochronous transmission we cannot have uneven gaps between
frames.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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