SAFE WORKING

PRACTICES
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Electrical Safety Rules

 All companies concerned with high voltage work

will produce their own set of electrical safety rules.
The rules are to ensure the safety of all personnel
who undertake work on high voltage systems and
will form the base for compliance with the relevant
statutory regulations.
Electrical Safety Rules

 The safe working procedures are defined by International

standards, classification society’s rules, flag state
administration rules and laws as well as company policy
and rules. The person carrying out the work needs to check
which procedure is valid in each working place. You must
make yourself familiar with and work to your own
company rules (further training required).
International Organizations for High Voltage Electrical Standards
 IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
 IEC 60092 Electrical Installations in Ships
 IEEE 45 Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
 NEMA The National Electrical Manufacturers Association
 NFPA National Fire Protection Association
 ANSI-American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
 OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Agency
 CENELEC European Committee for Electra Technical Standardization
 BSI British Standards Institute
International Organizations for High Voltage Electrical Standards
 IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
 The International Electrotechnical Commision is the organisation
responsible for standardisation in the electric al and electronics field.
 IEC is composed of 44 National Committees wich collectively
represent some 80 percent of the worlds population that produces and
consumes 95 percent of electric energy.
 The main problem with the IEC standards is that their status in the
world is not strong enough. In many countries national electric
standards are in common use
 IEC92
 IEC 60092 Electrical installations in ships
 This standard, forms a series of international standards for
electrical installations in seagoing ships, incorporating good
practise and co-ordinating, as far as possible, existing rules.
 The standard is said to form a code for practical interpretation
and amplification of the requirements of the international
convention on Safety Of Life At Sea (SOLAS).
International Organizations for High Voltage Electrical Standards

 IEC 60092 Electrical Installations in Ships

 This standard, forms a series of international
standards for electrical installations in seagoing
ships, incorporating good practice and coordinating,
as far as possible, existing rules. The standard, for
practical interpretation, is said to form a code of safe
working practice to work in high voltage on board.
International Organizations for High Voltage Electrical Standards
 IEEE 45 Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
 It is the recommended standard for electrical installations
on-board based on USA practices. The scope of this
standard covers oceangoing vessels and vessels for use
on rivers, lakes, bays, etc. It is considered an alternative
standard to the IEC 60092 standard.
 The scope of this standard covers oceangoing
vessels and vessels for use on rivers, lakes, bays,
etc.
 It is considered an alternative standard to the IEC
60092, wich are part of ABS rules.
 Where is IEEE 45 used?
 The IEEE 45 electrical practice is often applied to
offshore GOM (Gulf Of Mexico) support vessels and
drill ships especially those that are US-build.
 Outside the US and for non US-flag vessels
operating outside the GOM, electrical equipment
vendors more frequently adhere to IEC standards.
 Can IEEE 45 be used in place of IEC standards to meet ABS Rule
requirements?
 Both IEEE 45 and IEC standards can be used to meet ABS rules.
Equipment, components and systems for which ABS has specific
requirements may comply with an alternative standard such as
IEEE 45, in lieu of the IEC-based requirements in the Rules. It is
essential, however, that IEEE 45 or any other alternative standard
proposed for use is determined by ABS to be no less effective than
the Rules.
 Can parts of IEEE 45 be coupled with parts of IEC standards for
meeting ABS Rule requirements
 When IEEE 45 is proposed as an alternative, all equipment must
fully comply with the IEEE 45 standard.
 Coupling sections of several standards together can result in less
effective electrical requirements, and thus, cannot be accepted as
being in compliance with ABS Rules.
 Although ABS has been migrating towards IEC-based rules, it
continues to recognize American equipment and practices.
International Organizations for High Voltage Electrical Standards

 NEMA The National Electrical Manufacturers

Association
 
 It is an organization that develops and publishes
standards regarding the production and
manufacturing processes for technologies involving
the generation, transmission and use of electricity.
International Organizations for High Voltage Electrical Standards
 NFPA National Fire Protection Association
 It is a leader in providing fire, electrical and life safety.
NFPA 70E specialies requirements for safe working
practices to protect personnel by reducing exposure to
major electrical hazards and fatalities due to shock ,
electrocution, arc flash and are blast. It specialises
Standard requirements for Arc flash PPE. P
International Organizations for High Voltage Electrical Standards
 ANSI-American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
 This is the US. standards and conformity assessment
system. In the des power systems, ANSI Standard Device
Numbers denote what features a protective device supports
(such as a relay 0r circuit breaker). These types of devices
protect electrical Systems and components from damage
when an unwanted event occurs, such as an electrical fault.
International Organizations for High Voltage Electrical Standards

 OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Agency

 Under the OSHA Act, employers are responsible
for providing a safe and healthy workplace.
OSHA‘s mission is to assure safe and healthy
workplaces by setting and enforcing standards, and
by providing training, outreach, education and
assistance.
International Organizations for High Voltage Electrical Standards
 CENELEC European Committee for Electra Technical
Standardization
 It is responsible for standardization in the electro
technical engineering field. CENELEC prepares
voluntary standards, which help facilitate trade between
countries, create new markets, cut compliance costs and
support the development of a Single European Market.
International Organizations for High Voltage Electrical Standards
 BSI British Standards Institute
 It is the National Standards Body of the UK, responsible for
facilitating, drafting, publishing and marketing British
Standards and other guidelines. British Standards provides
UK industry and other stakeholders with their major access
to and influence on standardization, both in the Eur0pean
arena CENELEC and internationally (with ISO and IEC). All
standard organizations normally follow the guidelines of IEC
Hazards

  The most common reasons for electrical

hazards are
 mechanical failure

 lack of communication

 personnel carelessness and person taking

known risk.
Hazards

 Most electrical accidents occur because people are

working on or near equipment that is:
 thought to be dead but which is live

 known to be live but those involved do not have

adequate training or appropriate equipment to prevent

injury, or they have not taken adequate precautions.
 switching on a forgotten additional earth
Hazards on High Voltages
 HV work on board can be dangerous due to limited
space. The work may be carried out in close
proximity to a person(s) not familiar with HV
hazards. Therefore the area must be properly
cordoned off from surrounding work that may be
going on and danger notices well posted.
Hazards on High Voltages

 There will be large areas of earthed metal that can be easily

touched, increasing the possibility of electrical shock from an
HV conductor.
 
 High voltage isolation testing can be particularly hazardous
when several parts of the equipment are energized for a period
of time.
Hazards on High Voltages

 The use of instruments when taking measurements of

high voltages can increase the risk of injury if they
are inadvertently used without the earth (protective)
conductor connected. This can result in the enclosure
of the instrument becoming live at high voltages.
 
Hazards on High Voltages
 High voltage equipment will store energy after
disconnection.
 For example, on a 6.6KV switchboard a fatal
charge may still be present on the equipment hours
or even days later.
Hazards on High Voltages
 Some equipment could be using water in its
operation which can lead to an increased risk of
injury. In general, water conducts electricity and
reduces the resistance of the skin.
 
Assessing safe working practices SWP for electrical work

 Planning the steps : The procedure can be divided into four stages as follows:

1. deciding whether to work dead or work live

2. planning and preparation for actions which are common to both dead and
live working

3. procedures for working dead

4. procedures for working live

Plan the work
 Many electrical accidents are due to a failure to
plan ahead. Planning should consider the
management, supervision, implementation and
completion of the work, and should lead to a
formal system of work based on information in
the safety rules and a task-specific risk
assessment. You should consider the following:
Plan the work
 the work to be done
 the hazards of the system or equipment to be worked on and
the risks associated with the work he people doing the work,
their competence and the level of supervision necessary
 the precautions to be taken and the system of work to be
employed
 the possibility that the nature of the work may change, eg a
testing job may turn into fault finding
Plan the work
 Electrical accidents often occur during fault-finding after a plant
breakdown when pressure to repair the equipment results in risks
being taken.
 To anticipate this, you should plan and establish safe fault-finding
procedures to be implemented during breakdown maintenance.

 Specify level of supervision and whether accompaniment is

necessary
Working dead

  Disconnection
 Secure isolation
 All keys should be retained in a secure place.
 Post notices
 Proving dead
 Earthing
Working live

 The most common live working activity is testing,

typically carried out as part of routine
preventative maintenance, diagnostic testing,
product testing, commissioning, or fault finding.
Working Live
 Identify the circuit or equipment to be worked on or near the work to be done

 Ensure suitable precautions are taken and that suitable protective equipment is
used

 Ensure adequate working space, access and lighting. Restrict access to area of
live work

 Ensure accompaniment is provided if necessary. Accompaniment to be trained

to give assistance
Working Live
 Maintain Safe Approach Distance
 Maintain Safe Working Distance
 • If during maintenance an HV circuit main earth
(CME) is removed from the system, it must not be
worked on, as the HV cabling can recharge itself to
a high voltage from induced volt- ages from
nearby live HV cabling.
Safe working Practice - Circuits
 De-energize
 
 Provide safeguard against re-closing
 
 Verify safe isolation from supply
 
 Connect to earth and short
 
 Cover or provide barriers against neighboring live parts
 
 De-energize auxiliary circuits (for example space heaters)
 Take care for reverse power from as an example control power transformers
 
 Note rating plate markings and connection diagram in the terminal box
 
 The connection must be made in a way that a safe and permanent electric
connection can be maintained.
 
 Use appropriate cable terminals.
 
 Establish and maintain safe equipotential bonding
 The clearances between High Voltage uninsulated live parts and between such
parts and earth must not be below the values of appropriate standards (minimal)
and values given in the manufacturer ’s documentation.
 
 No foreign bodies, dirt or moisture is allowed in the terminal box.
 
 Close unused cable entrance holes and the box itself in a dust- and watertight
manner.(maintain its IP rating)
 
 Lock the key when the machine is run without coupling
General safety instructions for High Voltage Machines

  Electric machines have dangerous live and rotating

parts and may have hot surfaces. All operations
serving, transport, installation, connection,
commissioning, operation and maintenance shall be
carried out by responsible skilled people
Operation - Safety Rules
  In case of deviations from normal operation, for example, elevated
temperature, noises, vibrations - disconnect machine, if in doubt
 
 Establish cause and consult manufacturer, if necessary.
 
 Do not defeat protective devices, not even in trial run. In case of heavy
dirt deposits, clean cooling system at regular intervals.
 
 Open blocked condensate drain holes from time to time.
Rules During any Operation
  Disconnect and lock out before working on the machine or the driven equipment.
 Ensure no explosive atmosphere is present while the work is in progress.

 Starting and Restarting

 
 The maximum number of sequential starts has been declared in machine’s technical
documents.(ex. autotransformer starting)
 
 The new starting sequence is allowed after the machine has cooled down to ambient
temperature for a cold start condition or to operating temperature for a warm start
condition.
Earthing and Equipotential Bonding

 
 Check before starting that all earthing and equipotential
bonding cables are effectively connected.

 Do not remove any earthing or equipontialing cables,

which have been assembled by the manufacturer.
Clearances, Creepage and Separations
  Do not make any removal or adjustment in terminal boxes, which
could decrease clearances or creepage distances between parts.
 
 Do not install any new equipment to terminal boxes without asking for
advise from the manufacturer of the original equipment.
 
 Be sure that the air gap between rotor and stator is measured after any
maintenance on the rotor or bearings. The air gap shall be the same in
any point between the rotor and the stator.
Connections in terminal boxes (Ex motors)

  All connections in main terminal boxes must be

made with Ex- approved connectors, which are
delivered with the machine by the manufacturer.
 
 All connections, in auxiliary terminal boxes, as
marked intrinsically safe circuits (Ex i or EEx i)
must be connected to proper safety barriers.
Identification of the work location
  Identify the right work location and mark it
clearly. The work location should have appropriate
access and lighting. Non-authorized persons shall
be restricted from entering the work location
Disconnect and secure against reconnection

  Disconnect all possible points of power supply.

Secure the reconnection by means of a lock out and
tag out procedure to ensure that electric equipment
does not accidentally come alive. Take special care
with transformers of which the secondary may be
alive.
Protection against any other live parts

 
 Put formal warning notices on panels or cabins you
are not working on. Additional physical barriers
must be applied (locks etc.) when live equipment is
exposed. Recheck that you have the correct point of
work. (When multiple cabinets are open you might
by accident start working on the wrong cabinet)
Special precautions when close to bare conductors

  There might arise a situation where you are working near

potentially live parts, or there might be a situation where
you can accidentally touch live parts when putting safety
barriers. Take special precautions (insulation gloves and
or safety mats), especially if you are within a meter of a
live connection. Take very special care on a moving
vessel as the ship may be suddenly start rolling, so
never use a safety stool as is a standard practice ashore.
Proving the installation is dead

 
 The installation needs to be checked with
appropriate testing gear. Test the instrument as for
proper functioning first. Then verify with the test
instrument that the installation is dead. Recheck the
test instrument, only then you are sure your
installation is dead
Carrying out Earthing and Short Circuiting

 
 Earthing makes the installation free of residual
charges and short-circuits the system in case of a
fault current. Use only equipment designed for this
purpose
Seven steps that save lives.
1. Identification of the work location 
2. Disconnection and securing against reconnection
3. Protection against any other live parts
4. Special precautions close to bare conductors
5. Proving the installation dead
6. Carrying out earthing and short-circuiting
7. Issuing a permit to work
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 Isolation and earthing diagram
 8.24 Before any permit-to-work or sanction-for-test is issued, an isolation and earthing
diagram should be prepared. This should illustrate the safety arrangements that have
been implemented at the points-of-isolation and the place of work to make the
equipment safe for the execution of the work or test.
 8.25 An isolation and earthing diagram will be printed in black on pale-green paper. It
will have an original and a duplicate of each page, and each page of a diagram will bear
the same pre-printed serial number. Pads of numbered forms must be used in sequence.
 8.26 An isolation and earthing diagram should show: a. the name, signature and
location of the originating Authorised Person (HV); b. the name, signature and location
of the countersigning Authorised Person (HV)
 c. the date the countersigned programme is to commence;
 d. the purpose of the proposed work or test;
 e. the equipment that the proposed sequence of operations will make safe for the work or test to be undertaken;
 f. the cables and equipment to be worked on or tested;
 g. the points-of-isolation;
 h. the points-of-earthing;
 j. the points-of-work or test;
 k. any safety locks and signs fitted. Implementing the isolation and earthing diagram
 8.27 Before commencing the sequence of operations detailed on the countersigned isolation and earthing diagram, the duplicate is to be placed in the operational procedure
manual.
 8.28 The Duty Authorised Person (HV) is to note on the original copy of the isolation and earthing diagram the serial numbers of the safety programme, permit-to-work and
sanction-for-test to enable them to be cross-referenced.
 8.29 The Duty Authorised Person (HV) is to show the isolation and earthing diagram to the Competent Person (HV) indicating the safety arrangements at the points-of-isolation
and earthing at the point(s) of the work or test. The Competent Person (HV) will sign the document to indicate an understanding of the safety arrangements in place.
 8.30 The isolation and earthing diagram is then to be attached to the permit-to-work or sanction-for-test before being issued. Completion of the work or test
 8.31 On completion, the original isolation and earthing diagram will replace the duplicate in the operational procedure manual.
 8.32 All original copies of completed isolation and earthing diagrams are to be retained in the operational procedure manual for three years following the date of
implementation.
 8.33 If the Competent Person (HV) has lost the original of the isolation and earthing diagram, the loss is to be recorded in the site logbook by the Duty
 Authorised Person (HV). The Competent Person (HV) is to countersign the duplicate to confirm the loss of the original