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Enzyme Fermentation

This document discusses enzyme fermentation and Michaelis-Menten kinetics. It defines fermentation as biological processes promoted by microorganisms or enzymes that convert organic feed into products. It classifies biological processes and examines special features of the Michaelis-Menten equation for enzyme kinetics. The document also explores batch fermentation behavior over time using the M-M equation. It analyzes competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibition and their significance for pharmacological research.

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Ali Ahsan
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33 views

Enzyme Fermentation

This document discusses enzyme fermentation and Michaelis-Menten kinetics. It defines fermentation as biological processes promoted by microorganisms or enzymes that convert organic feed into products. It classifies biological processes and examines special features of the Michaelis-Menten equation for enzyme kinetics. The document also explores batch fermentation behavior over time using the M-M equation. It analyzes competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibition and their significance for pharmacological research.

Uploaded by

Ali Ahsan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENZYME FERMENTATION

Engr. Muhammad Zia Ul Haq


Assistant Professor
ENZYME FERMENTATION
 The term "fermentation" can be used in its original strict meaning (to produce
alcohol from sugar nothing else) or it can be used more or less broadly. We will
use the modern broad definition:

 “From the simplest to the most complex, biological processes may


be classed as fermentations, elementary physiological processes,
and the action of living entities. Further, fermentations can be
divided into two broad groups: those promoted and catalyzed by
microorganisms or microbes (yeasts, bacteria, algae, molds,
protozoa) and those promoted by enzymes (chemicals produced by
microorganisms). In general, fermentations are reactions wherein
a raw organic feed is converted into product by the action of
microbes or by the action of enzymes”.
Classification of Biological Processes
Classification of Biological Processes
MICHAELIS-MENTEN KINETICS (M-M KINETIC)
SPECIAL FEATURES OF M-M EQUATION
SPECIAL FEATURES OF M-M EQUATION
SPECIAL FEATURES OF M-M EQUATION
 Let us look at the Special Features of M-M Equation
Batch or Plug Flow Fermenter
 For this system, integration of the M-M equation gives

 This concentration-time behavior is shown


Concentration-time behavior of the M-M equation
Batch or Plug Flow Fermenter
 Unfortunately this equation cannot be plotted directly to
find the values of he constants k3 and CM. However, by
manipulation we find the following form which can be
plotted
INHIBITION BY A FOREIGN SUBSTANCE-COMPETITIVE AND
NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITION
 When the presence of substance B causes the slowdown of
the enzyme-substrate reaction of A to R, then B is called an
inhibitor.
 We have various kinds of inhibitor action, the simplest
models being called Competitive and Noncompetitive.
 We have competitive inhibition when A and B attack the
same site on the enzyme.
 We have noncompetitive inhibition when B attacks a
different site on the enzyme, but in doing so stops the
action of A.
A simple representation of the action of two
types of inhibitors
Pharmacological Significance
 The study of enzymes and inhibition is one of the major
methods in determining the action of existing drugs and in
developing new drugs. This approach has changed the
whole direction of pharmacological research in recent
years. The main thrust today is

 To study the disease biochemically, then


 synthesize a chemical to block the action of a crucial
enzyme
Kinetics of Competitive Inhibition
Kinetics of Noncompetitive Inhibition

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