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C++ Lect 2

The document provides a history of C and C++. It discusses that C evolved from BCPL and B programming languages and was developed at Bell Labs. C++ was created in the early 1980s by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs as an extension of C to support object-oriented programming. C++ is a hybrid language that incorporates both C-like and object-oriented styles.

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Ashar Azeem
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33 views

C++ Lect 2

The document provides a history of C and C++. It discusses that C evolved from BCPL and B programming languages and was developed at Bell Labs. C++ was created in the early 1980s by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs as an extension of C to support object-oriented programming. C++ is a hybrid language that incorporates both C-like and object-oriented styles.

Uploaded by

Ashar Azeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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History of C and C++

History of C
Evolved from two other programming languages
 BCPL and B
 “Typeless” languages

Dennis Ritchie (Bell Laboratories)


 Added data typing, other features

Development language of UNIX


Hardware independent
 Portable programs
1989: ANSI standard
1990: ANSI and ISO standard published
 ANSI/ISO 9899: 1990

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
History of C and C++
History of C++
Extension of C
Early 1980s: Bjarne Stroustrup (Bell Laboratories)
“Spruces up” C
Provides capabilities for object-oriented programming
 Objects: reusable software components
 Model items in real world

 Object-oriented programs
 Easy to understand, correct and modify

Hybrid language
 C-like style
 Object-oriented style

 Both

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
C++ Standard Library
C++ programs
Built from pieces called classes and functions
C++ standard library
Rich collections of existing classes and functions
“Building block approach” to creating programs
“Software reuse”

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
Java
Java
1991: Sun Microsystems
 Green project
1995: Sun Microsystems
 Formally announced Java at trade show
Web pages with dynamic and interactive content
Develop large-scale enterprise applications
Enhance functionality of web servers
Provide applications for consumer devices
 Cell phones, pagers, personal digital assistants, …

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
Visual Basic, Visual C++ and C#
BASIC
Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
Mid-1960s: Prof. John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz (Dartmouth
College)
Visual Basic
1991
 Result of Microsoft Windows graphical user interface (GUI)
 Developed late 1980s, early 1990s

Powerful features
 GUI, event handling, access to Win32 API, object-oriented
programming, error handling
Visual Basic .NET

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
Visual C++
Microsoft’s implementation of C++
 Includes extensions
 Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)
 Common library
 GUI, graphics, networking, multithreading, …

 Shared among Visual Basic, Visual C++, C#

.NET platform
Web-based applications
 Distributed to great variety of devices
 Cell phones, desktop computers

Applications in disparate languages can communicate

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
Other High-level Languages
FORTRAN
FORmula TRANslator
1954-1957: IBM
Complex mathematical computations
 Scientific and engineering applications
COBOL
COmmon Business Oriented Language
1959: computer manufacturers, government and industrial
computer users
Precise and efficient manipulation of large amounts of data
 Commercial applications

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
Other High-level Languages
Pascal
Prof. Niklaus Wirth
Academic use

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
Structured Programming
Structured programming (1960s)
Disciplined approach to writing programs
Clear, easy to test and debug, and easy to modify
Pascal
1971: Niklaus Wirth
Ada
1970s - early 1980s: US Department of Defense (DoD)
Multitasking
 Programmer can specify many activities to run in parallel

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
The Key Software Trend: Object Technology
Objects
Reusable software components that model real world items
Meaningful software units
 Date objects, time objects, paycheck objects, invoice objects, audio
objects, video objects, file objects, record objects, etc.
 Any noun can be represented as an object

More understandable, better organized and easier to maintain


than procedural programming
Favor modularity
 Software reuse
 Libraries

 MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes)


 Rogue Wave

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
Basics of a Typical C++ Environment
C++ systems
Program-development environment
Language
C++ Standard Library

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
Writing C++ Programs
 The source code of a C++ program is stored on the disk with the file
extension cpp. (.cpp stands for c plus plus).

 The program is stored in a text file on the disk. Any text Editor can be
used to write and edit C++ source code.

 The Borland C++ and Turbo C++ have their own editors for writing the
source code. The source code is written in the editor and then it is
complied.

 The C++ complier translates a C++ source program into machine code.
The machine code is called object code. It is stored in a new file with
extension obj.

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
Writing C++ Programs cont..
 The object code is then linked to the libraries. After linking the
object code to the libraries, an executable file with the extension .exe
is created.

 The executable program is then run form the operating system


command line.

 For example, a source code of program in C++ is written and stored


in the file first.cpp. After compilation, the object code is saved in the
file first.obj and the executable code is stored in the file first.exe.

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann
Structure of C++ Programs
 C++ consist of three main parts:

 Preprocessor directives

 The main() function

 C++ Statement

Ms Qurat-ul-Ann

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