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Lesson 1 - Cell Theory

The document discusses the key contributors to the development of the cell theory. Robert Hooke first observed cells under a microscope in 1665. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed single-celled organisms under an improved microscope. Theodor Schwann and Mathias Schleiden were credited with developing cell theory in the 1830s. Schwann concluded that animals, like plants, are composed of cells. This established two of the three tenets of cell theory - that all living things are made of cells, and cells are the basic unit of life. The third tenet, that all cells come from pre-existing cells, completed cell theory.

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656 views

Lesson 1 - Cell Theory

The document discusses the key contributors to the development of the cell theory. Robert Hooke first observed cells under a microscope in 1665. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed single-celled organisms under an improved microscope. Theodor Schwann and Mathias Schleiden were credited with developing cell theory in the 1830s. Schwann concluded that animals, like plants, are composed of cells. This established two of the three tenets of cell theory - that all living things are made of cells, and cells are the basic unit of life. The third tenet, that all cells come from pre-existing cells, completed cell theory.

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Joy's Faith Marata
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CELL THEORY

By: CIRILO JUN E. MONLEON


OBJECTIVES:
•The learners explain the postulates of cell
theory.
ABSTRACTION
• Life is both wonderful and majestic. Yet for all of
its majesty, all organisms are composed of the
fundamental unit of life.
• The CELL is the simplest unit of matter that is
alive. From the unicellular bacteria to multicellular
animals, the cell is one of the basic organizational
principles of biology.
TASK!!!
1. Form a group.
2. Obtain a manila paper from your instructor.
3. Answer questions.
4. Present answers in front.
CAN YOU NAME SOME OF
THE PEOPLE WHO MADE
AN IMPORTANT
CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE
CELL THEORY?
ROBERT HOOKE
ROBERT HOOKE
• The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, which can be
described in His book MICROGRAPHIA.
• In this book, he gave 60 observations in detail of various objects under a
coarse, compound microscope.
• One observation was from very thin slices of bottle cork.
• Hooke discovered a multitude of tiny pores that he named “cells”.
• This came from the Latin word cella, meaning a small room like where
monks lived in and also cellulae, which means the six-sided cell of a
honeycomb.
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek is another scientist who saw these cells soon
after Hooke did.
• He made use of a microscope containing improved lenses that could
magnify objects almost 300-fold, or 270x.
• Under these microscopes, Leeuwenhoek found motile objects.
• In a letter to the Royal Society on October 9, 1976, he stated that
motility is a quality of life, therefore. These were living organisms.
• Leeuwenhoek named these “animalcules”, which included protozoa and
other unicellular organisms, like bacteria.
THEODOR SCHWANN
THEODOR SCHWANN
• The cell theory is one of the basic principles of biology. Credit
for developing cell theory is usually given to two scientists:
THEODOR SCHWANN (1810-1882) and MATHIAS
JAKOB SCHLEIDEN (1804-1881).
• While RUDOLF VIRCHOW contributed to the theory, he is
not as credited for his attributions.

• In 1838, SCHLEIDEN suggested that every structural part of a


plant was made up of cells or the result of cells. He also
suggested that cells were by a crystallization process either
within other cells or from the outside.
• However, this was not an original idea of
SCHLEIDEN. He claimed this theory was his own,
although Barthelemy Dumortier had stated it years
before him.
• In 1839, THEODOR SCHWANN stated that along
with plants, animals are composed of cells or product
of cells in their structures. This was a major
advancement in the field of biology since little was
known about animal structure up to this point
compared to plants.
THREE TENETS OF CELL THEORY
• From these conclusions about plants and animals, two of the three tenets
of cell theory were postulated:

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more


cells.
2. The cell is the most basic unit of life.
3. All cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

• In addition to cell theory, the gene theory, evolution, homeostasis, and


the laws of thermodynamics form the basic principles that are the
foundations for the study of life.
THE GENERALLY ACCEPTED PARTS OF MODERN
VERSION OF CELL THEORY INCLUDE:

• All known living things are made up of one or more cells.


• All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
• The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all
living organisms.
• The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of
independent cells.
• Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.
• Cells contain DNA which is found specially in the chromosome
and the RNA found in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm.
• All cells are basically the same in chemical
composition in organisms of similar species.
• Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from cell to
cell.
• All cells have the basic chemical composition.
• All living organisms are composed of and depend on
cells to function normally.
• Eukaryotic cell grow and reproduce through a complex
sequence of events called the cell cycle.
• At the end of the cycle, cells will divide either through
the processes of mitosis or meiosis.
• Somatic cells replicate through mitosis and sex cells
reproduce via meiosis.
• Prokaryotic cells reproduce commonly through binary
fission.
• Not all cells however are alike. There are two primary types of cells:
EUKARYOTIC Cells and PROKARYOTIC Cells. Examples of
eukaryotic cells include animal cells, plant cells, and fungal cells.
Prokayotic cells include bacteria and archeans.
• Cells contain organelles, or tiny cellular structures, that carry out
specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation.
• Cells also contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNS (ribonucleic
aci), the genetic information necessary for directing cellular activities.
CHALLENGE YOURSELF
• Fill in the blanks with word/s that will make the elements of cell theories correct. Refer
to the Box of Choices
DNA FLOW INDEPENDENT CELL DIVISION
CELLS

CELLS CHEMICAL HEREDITY SAME

1. ALL KNOWN LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE _______.


2. ALL LIVING CELLS ARISE FROM PRE-EXISTING CELLS BY ________.
3. THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN ALL
LIVING ORGANISMS IS THE ___________.
4. THE ACTIVITY OF AN ORGANISM DEPENDS ON THE TOTAL
ACTIVITY OF ______.
5. ENERGY __________ (METABOLISM AND BICHEMISTRY)
OCCURS WITHIN CELLS.
6. CELLS CONTAIN _________ WHICH IS FOUND
SPECIFICALLY IN THE CHROMOSOMES AND RNA FOUND IN
THE CELL NUCLEUS AND CYTOPLASM.
7. ALL CELLS ARE BASICALLY THE SAME IN _________
COMPOSITION IN ORGANISMS OF SIMILAR SPECIES.
8. INFORMATION (DNA) IS PASSED ON FROM CELL TO CELL
THROUGH _______.
9. THE BASIC CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CELLS IS THE
____ .
END OF LESSON
• GOING BACK TO OUR OBJECTIVE!!!

The learners explain the postulates of cell theory.

IS THIS ACHIEVED???
SHORT QUIZ:
1. Who was the first person who use cells under the microscope and
give them a name?
2. He discovered that all plants were made of cells, which contributed
to the development of cell theory.
3. He discovered that all animals were made of cells, which
contributed to the development of cell theory.
4. He concluded that cells could only come from other cells.
5. The following are the tenets of cell theory, EXCEPT one.
• All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
• The cells is the most basic unit of life
• All cells arise only from pre-existing cells
• Cells contain organelles.
LESSON 2 – NEXT MEETING

Study the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles.

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