Scribd
Upload
93 views33 pages

9-Error Detection and Correction

This document discusses error detection and correction in data transmission. It covers: 1) Types of errors like single-bit, multiple-bit, and burst errors 2) Detection methods including parity bits, LRC, CRC, checksums which add redundancy to detect errors 3) Error correction techniques like retransmission of data, and error-correcting codes to automatically fix certain errors.

Uploaded by

nononoan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
93 views33 pages

9-Error Detection and Correction

This document discusses error detection and correction in data transmission. It covers: 1) Types of errors like single-bit, multiple-bit, and burst errors 2) Detection methods including parity bits, LRC, CRC, checksums which add redundancy to detect errors 3) Error correction techniques like retransmission of data, and error-correcting codes to automatically fix certain errors.

Uploaded by

nononoan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

ERROR DETECTION

AND CORRECTION

Komunikasi Data
Objective
 Mahasiswa mampu mengenali eror yang terjadi pada transmis
i asinkron, dan mendeteksinya dengan menggunakan bit parit
y.
 Mahasiswa mampu mengenali eror yang terjadi pada transmis
i sinkron, dan eror dikoreksi dengan menggunakan LRC dan V
RC.
 Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan bagaimana mendeteksi eror pa
da transmisi sinkron dan dengan menggunakan checksum dan
CRC
 Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan bagaimana eror pada transmisi
sinkron dapat dikoreksi dengan menggunakan kode Hamming
 Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan bagaimana eror dapat dikore
ksi menggunakan ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request).
Error Detection and Correction

1 Types of Errors

2 Detection

3 Error Correction
Error Detection and Correction
 Data can be corrupted during transmission. For r
eliable communication, error must be detected a
nd corrected
 are implemented either at the data link layer or t
he transport layer of the OSI model
1. Type of Errors
Type of Errors(cont’d)
Single-Bit Error
~ is when only one bit in the data unit has chan
ged (ex : ASCII STX - ASCII LF)
Type of Errors(cont’d)
Multiple-Bit Error
~ is when two or more nonconsecutive bits in t
he data unit have changed(ex : ASCII B - ASCII L
F)
Type of Errors(cont’d)
Burst Error
~ means that two or more consecutive bits in t
he data unit have changed
2. Detection
Error detection uses the concept of redunda
ncy, which means adding extra bits for detect
ing errors at the destination
Detection(cont’d)
 Redundancy
Detection(cont’d)
 Detection methods
 VRC (Vertical Redundancy Check)
 LRC (Longitudinal Redundancy)
 CRC (Cyclical redundancy Check)
 Checksum
Detection(cont’d)
 VRC(Vertical Redundancy Check)
 A parity bit is added to every data unit so that the to
tal number of 1s(including the parity bit) becomes e
ven for even-parity check or odd for odd-parity chec
k
 VRC can detect all single-bit errors. It can detect mul
tiple-bit or burst errors only the total number of erro
rs is odd.
Detection(cont’d)
 Even parity VRC concept
Detection(cont’d)
 LRC(Longitudinal Redundancy Check)
 Parity bits of all the positions are assembled into a
new data unit, which is added to the end of the d
ata block
Detection(cont’d)
CRC(Cyclic Redundancy Check)
~ is based on binary division.
Detection(cont’d)
 CRC generator
~ uses modular-2 division.

Binary Division
in a
CRC Generator
Detection(cont’d)
Binary Division
in a
CRC Checker
Detection(cont’d)
 Polynomials
 CRC generator(divisor) is most often represented no
t as a string of 1s and 0s, but as an algebraic polyno
mial.
Detection(cont’d)
 A polynomial representing a divisor
Detection(cont’d)
 Standard polynomials
Detection(cont’d)
Checksum
~ used by the higher layer protocols
~ is based on the concept of redundancy(VRC, L
RC, CRC ….)
Detection(cont’d)
 Checksum Generator
Detection(cont’d)
 To create the checksum the sender does the foll
owing:
 The unit is divided into K sections, each of n bits.
 Section 1 and 2 are added together using one’s com
plement.
 Section 3 is added to the result of the previous step.
 Section 4 is added to the result of the previous step.
 The process repeats until section k is added to the re
sult of the previous step.
 The final result is complemented to make the checks
um.
Detection(cont’d)
 data unit and checksum
Detection(cont’d)
3. Error Correction
~ can be handled in two ways

 when an error is discovered, the receiver can ha


ve the sender retransmit the entire data unit.

 a receiver can use an error-correcting code, whi


ch automatically corrects certain errors.

You might also like