Presentation

On
ASIC Programming

By,
Nayan Prajapati (10MEEC13)
Rakesh Prajapati (10MEEC14)
MEEC, Sem-I, KIT&RC.
Contents:

 Introduction to VHDL

 VHDL Versions and Capabilities

 Configuration and Package declaration

 Functions and Procedures

 VHDL and Verilog : Comparison

 Sample program of Verilog

 Sample Program of SystemC

What is ASIC Programming ?

 Application Specific Integrated Circuits

 Entire systems on a single chip.

 ASIC Programming is part of ASIC Design flow.

 RTL Description

• Register Transfer Level. RTL description.

• Describes the design in terms registers.
• Verilog and VHDL are two most popular hardware
description languages.

Functional Simulation/Verification:
Synthesis:
Design Verification:
Layout:
Introduction to VHDL :

 VHSIC hardware description language;

describe digital and mixed-signal systems

 VHDL was originally developed at the US Department of Defense

 an alternative to huge, complex manuals which were subject to

implementation-specific details.

 VHDL borrows heavily from the Ada .

 Like Ada, VHDL is strongly typed and is not case sensitive.

 There are many features of VHDL which are not found in Ada, such as an
extended set of Boolean operators including NAND and NOR,
The VHDL language can be regarded as an integrated amalgamation of the following
languages:

sequential language +
concurrent language +
net-list language +
timing specifications +
waveform generation language => VHDL

Express the concurrent or sequential behavior of a digital system with or without

timing.

It also allows you to model the system as an interconnection of components.

Test waveforms can also be generated using the same constructs.

VHDL Versions :

 A team of three companies, IBM, Texas Instruments, and Intermetrics, were

first awarded the contract.

Version 7.2 of VHDL in 1985

IEEE for standardization in 1986

IEEE Std 1076-1987.

also been recognized as an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

standard.
Capabilities :

An exchange medium between chip vendors and CAD tool users.

Supports flexible design methodologies: top-down, bottom-up, or mixed.

 Supports both synchronous and asynchronous timing models

Supports three basic different description styles: structural, dataflow, and

behavioral.

There is no need to learn a different language for simulation control. Test benches
can be written using the same language to test other VHDL models.

Nominal propagation delays, min-max delays, setup and hold timing, timing
constraints, and spike detection can all be described very naturally
To describe an entity, VHDL provides five different types of primary constructs, called"
design units.

They are

1. Entity declaration

2. Architecture body

3. Configuration declaration

4. Package declaration

5. Package body
Configuration Declaration :

library CMOS_LIB, MY_LIB;

configuration HA_BINDING of HALF_ADDER is

for HA-STRUCTURE

for X1:XOR2
use entity CMOS_LIB.XOR_GATE(DATAFLOW);
end for;

for A1:AND2
use configuration MY_LIB.AND_CONFIG;
end for;
end for;

end HA_BINDING;
Package Declaration

package EXAMPLE_PACK is

type SUMMER is (MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP);

component D_FLIP_FLOP
port (D, CK: in BIT; Q, QBAR: out BIT);
End component;

constant PIN2PIN_DELAY: TIME := 125 ns;

function INT2BIT_VEC (INT_VALUE: INTEGER)

return BIT_VECTOR;

end EXAMPLE_PACK;
Functions:

function LARGEST (TOTAL_NO: INTEGER; SET: PATTERN)

return REAL is
-- PATTERN is defined to be atype of 1-D array of
-- floating-point values, elsewhere.

variable RETURN_VALUE: REAL := 0.0;

begin
for K in 1 to TOTAL_NO loop
if SET(K) > RETURN_VALUE then
RETURN_VALUE := SET(K);
end if;
end loop;
return RETURN_VALUE;
end LARGEST;
Procedure:

type OP_CODE is (ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, LT, LE, EQ);

...
procedure ARITH_UNIT (A, B: in INTEGER; OP: in OP_CODE;
Z: out INTEGER; ZCOMP: out BOOLEAN) is

begin
case OP is
when ADD=>Z:=A+B;
when SUB=>Z:=A-B;
when MUL=>Z:=A*B;
when DIV => Z := A/B;
when LT => ZCOMP := A < B;
when LE => ZCOMP := A <= B;
when EQ => ZCOMP := A = B;
end case;

end ARITH_UNIT;
Difference between VHDL and Verilog.

 Compilation:
VHDL : Multiple design-units (entity/architecture pairs), that reside in the same
system file, may be separately compiled.
Verilog : Multiple design-units (entity/architecture pairs), that reside in the same
system file, are not separately compiled.

 Design reusability
VHDL. Procedures and functions may be placed in a package so that they are avail
able to any design-unit that wishes to use them.
Verilog: There is no concept of packages in Verilog.

 Easiest to Learn
Starting with zero knowledge of either language, Verilog is probably the easiest to
grasp and understand.
 Language Extensions

VHDL : Foreign attributes allows architectures and subprograms to be

modeled in another language.
Verilog : PLI an interface mechanism between Verilog models and Verilog
software tools. For example, a designer, or more likely, a Verilog tool
vendor, can specify user defined tasks or functions in the C
programming language, and then call them from the Verilog source
description.

 Libraries
VHDL. A library is a store for compiled entities, architectures, packages and
configurations. Useful for managing multiple design projects.
Verilog. There is no concept of a library in Verilog. This is due to it's origins
as an interpretive language.
Managing large designs

VHDL. Configuration, generate, generic and package statements all help

manage large design structures.
Verilog. There are no statements in Verilog that help manage large designs.
Verilog sample programe :

An example counter circuit follows:
module Div20x (rst, clk, cet, cep, count,tc);
parameter size = 5;
parameter length = 20;

input rst;
input clk;
input cet;
input cep;

output [size-1:0] count;

output tc;

reg [size-1:0] count;

wire tc;
always @ (posedge clk or posedge rst)
if (rst)
count <= 5'b0;
else if (cet && cep)
Begin
 if (count == length-1)
count <= 5'b0;
else
count <= count + 5'b1;
end

assign tc = count ;

endmodule
SystemC sample program:

#include "systemc.h"
#define WIDTH 4

SC_MODULE(adder)
{
sc_in<sc_uint<WIDTH> > a, b;
sc_out<sc_uint<WIDTH> > sum;

void do_add()
{
sum.write(a.read() + b.read());
} 

SC_CTOR(adder)
{
SC_METHOD(do_add);
sensitive << a << b;
}
};
References :

[I] J. Bhaskar, “A VHDL Primer” ,P T R Prentice Hall.

[2] www.doulos.com

[3] www.verilog.net