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Paragraph Development: Looking at Simple Grammar Structures Under The Magnifying Glass

This document discusses the key elements of paragraphs, including definitions, purposes, and development techniques. It defines a paragraph and explains that paragraphs can serve introductory, transitional, dialogue, and concluding purposes. Methods of paragraph development include definition, comparison/contrast, details, illustration, analogy, cause and effect, question and answer, elimination, enumeration, and combined methods. Homework involves analyzing paragraph examples and developing a 3-point essay using one of these methods.

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Hanna Regine Valencerina
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44 views

Paragraph Development: Looking at Simple Grammar Structures Under The Magnifying Glass

This document discusses the key elements of paragraphs, including definitions, purposes, and development techniques. It defines a paragraph and explains that paragraphs can serve introductory, transitional, dialogue, and concluding purposes. Methods of paragraph development include definition, comparison/contrast, details, illustration, analogy, cause and effect, question and answer, elimination, enumeration, and combined methods. Homework involves analyzing paragraph examples and developing a 3-point essay using one of these methods.

Uploaded by

Hanna Regine Valencerina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARAGRAPH

DEVELOPMENT
Looking at Simple Grammar Structures
Under the Magnifying Glass
QUIZ TIME!
INSTRUCTIONS: In a ½ crosswise sheet of paper, answer the fol
lowing questions. Write your answer only.
1. What is a paragraph? (2 points)
2. What are the two Greek word origins of the word “paragrap
h”?
3. Where do you put the margin when writing a paragraph pro
perly?
4. What is a compact unit of sentences that are closely related
in meaning and are held together by a topic idea?
5. A paragraph that develops a single idea only is called a?
6 – 9: The 4 types of paragraphs with special purposes and thei
r functions (2 points each)
TOPICS TO BE COVERED:
Basic Definitions of the Paragraph
Uses of the Paragraph
Paragraphs with Special Purposes
Characteristics of Effective Paragraphs

Methods of Paragraph Development


BASIC DEFINITION
PARA + GRAPHEIN = PARAGRAPH
para (Greek) = beyond or beside
graphein (Greek) = to write
PARAGRAPH:
- a compact unit of related sentences developing a single thou
ght.
- is usually indicated on a page by an indention of the first line
in the left-hand margin.

In a well-written paragraph, the sentences are closely related in


meaning and are held together by a topic idea.
USES OF A PARAGRAPH
The primary function of a paragraph is to develop an idea or im
pression.
A paragraph may develop a single idea and is called an
independent paragraph.

A paragraph assists in the communication of ideas be setting of


f a single topic which is developed or by distinguishing clearly
between the separate parts of a longer composition.
Thus, paragraphs enable the writer to pursue clearly the develo
pment of his/her thoughts and see the progress he/she is maki
Example of an Independent Paragraph
PARAGRAPHS with SPECIAL PURP
OSES
Although their usual function is to develop an idea or impres
sion, paragraphs may have other special purposes:

Introductory Paragraph
Transitional Paragraph
Paragraph of Dialogue
Concluding Paragraph
Introductory Paragraph
A paragraph may introduce a topi
c. A good introduction attracts th
e reader and makes him read the r
est of the text.
Example of an Introductory Paragraph
Transitional Paragraph
A transitional paragraph indicates a m
ovement from one phase of a discussi
on to the next phase. It may sum up t
he previous discussion and prepare th
e reader for the next topic, or point ou
t a special method of explanation whic
h is to be used, or do a combination o
Example of a Transitional Paragraph
Paragraph of Dialogue
Another special purpose of a para
graph is to record a dialogue. Con
ventionally, a separate paragraph i
s used for each speech. However,
longer narration between speeche
s may be paragraphed separately.
Example of a Paragraph of Dialogue
Concluding Paragraph
A paragraph may conclude or sum
marize a discussion.
Example of a Concluding Paragraph
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE PAR
AGRAPHS
UNITY
 The Topic Sentence
 The Clinching Sentence
 Tone

COHERENCE
 Orderly Arrangement
 Repetition
 Parallelism  Transitional Devices

EMPHASIS
 Proportion
 Position
 Climactic Order
UNITY
A paragraph possesses unity or on
eness when all its parts contribute
to the development of its central t
hought.
UNITY
Topic Sentence – a general statement of the i
dea which the rest of the paragraph develop
s. By pointing out the central idea, the topic s
entence ensures unity.
The Clinching Sentence – usually occurring at
the end of the paragraph, the clincher recaps
the central idea or gives a striking illustration.
Tone – is derived from the writer’s attitude to
wards his subject, his audience, or both; mai
Example of a Topic Sentence
Example of a Clinching Sentence
Example of Tone
COHERENCE
A paragraph has coherence when
its sentences hold together and fl
ow easily into each other.
There are no gaps or jumps in the
thought.
COHEREN

CE
Orderly Arrangement – arranging details in
an orderly way.
 Repetition – the repetition of words, or of i
deas in new words is another means of cla
rifying related thoughtsand achieving cohe
rence within a paragraph. However, in exc
ess, they tend to annoy the reader.
Example of Repetition
COHEREN
CE
 Parallelism – the repetition of patterns in e
xpressing parallel meanings also aids in inc
reasing coherence within the paragraph.
 Transitional Devices – the use of linking de
vices that function as sentence linkers.
Example of Parallelism
Example of Transitional Devices
EMPHASIS
A paragraph is emphatic if it is so
constructed in a way that it shows
what is important and what is sub
ordinate in its content.
EMPHASI
S
 Proportion – devoting more space to an importan
t point than to a minor idea. A well-proportioned
paragraph generally uses long paragraphs for imp
ortant ideas and short ones for subordinate ideas.
 Position – The beginning and ending of a paragra
ph are the most prominent parts. Putting ideas yo
u wish to emphasize at the beginning or end will
be the best way to go.
 Climactic Order – this arrangement lures the read
er to read on eagerly until he reaches the dramati
c idea at the end.
Example of Proportion
Example of Position
Example of Climactic Order
METHODS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOP
MENT

There are several ways of developing the tho


ught of a paragraph. An analysis of these me
thods will help
the inexperienced writer develop the habit of
orderly writing.
METHODS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOP
MENT
Development by Definition – Involves the amplificatio
n of a thought by more than just a dictionary definition. The
paragraph is strengthened by a series of concrete examp
les and details.
METHODS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOP
MENT
Development by Comparison/Contrast – Involves
pointing out the similarities or differences between two object
s, persons, or ideas.
METHODS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOP
MENT
Development by Details – Involves presenting details th
at explain and illustrate the central theme. There are four kinds
of details with which paragraphs can be amplified: facts, exam
ples, incidents, and reasons.
METHODS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOP
MENT
Development by Illustration – Usually the pattern is a
general statement followed by a series of illustrations.
METHODS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOP
MENT
Development by Analogy – points out the similarity in
some respects between things or ideas otherwise unlike. Ba
sically, it clarifies something abstract and unfamiliar by likeni
ng it to something concrete and familiar.
METHODS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOP
MENT
Development by Cause and Effect – the writer point
s out the relationships between certain events or situations and
their consequences.
METHODS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOP
MENT
Development by Question and Answer – this method is effe
ctive in explanations and arguments. A series of related questions which
are meant to be unanswered make up a paragraph or the succeedin
g paragraphs answer the questions.
METHODS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOP
MENT
Development by Elimination – points out what a thin
g or idea is not and proceeds with an explanation of what it i
s.
METHODS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOP
MENT
Development by Enumeration – begins with a topic s
entence which states the number of points to be covered.
METHODS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOP
MENT
Development by Combined Methods – experienced writers fr
equently employ two or more methods in developing a topic idea. Develop
ing a paragraph can involve different combinations of the discussed met
hods like combining definition, illustration, cause and effect, and enu
meration.
HOMEWORK
INSTRUCTIONS: (Lecture Notebook)
A. Research for simple examples of each of the dis
cussed Paragraphs with Special Purposes. Provide
an explanation on why it is considered as such.
B. Choose one topic from the list and, using any o
ne (or a combination) of the methods of paragrap
h development, create a cohesive 3-point essay:
 PWC JHS Intramurals
 The Filipino Hospitality
 Smoke Pollution in the Philippines

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