9-4 Compositions

9-4 CompositionsofofTransformations
Transformations

Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz

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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations

Warm Up

Determine the coordinates of the image

of P(4, –7) under each transformation.

1. a translation 3 units left and 1 unit up

(1, –6)
2. a rotation of 90° about the origin
(7, 4)

3. a reflection across the y-axis

(–4, –7)

Holt McDougal Geometry

 9-4 Compositions of Transformations

Objectives
Apply theorems about isometries.
Identify and draw compositions of
transformations, such as glide
reflections.

Holt McDougal Geometry

 9-4 Compositions of Transformations

Vocabulary
composition of transformations
glide reflection

Holt McDougal Geometry

 9-4 Compositions of Transformations

A composition of transformations is one

transformation followed by another. For
example, a glide reflection is the composition
of a translation and a reflection across a line
parallel to the translation vector.

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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations

The glide reflection that maps ∆JKL to ∆J’K’L’ is

the composition of a translation along followed
by a reflection across line l.

Holt McDougal Geometry

 9-4 Compositions of Transformations

The image after each transformation is congruent

to the previous image. By the Transitive Property
of Congruence, the final image is congruent to the
preimage. This leads to the following theorem.

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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Example 1A: Drawing Compositions of Isometries

Draw the result of the composition of isometries.

Reflect PQRS across line

m and then translate it
along

Step 1 Draw P’Q’R’S’, the P’ P

S’ S
reflection image of PQRS.
Q’ Q
R’ R
m
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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Example 1A Continued

Step 2 Translate P’Q’R’S’

along to find the final
image, P”Q”R”S”. P’’
S’’
Q’’
R’’
P’ P
S’ S
Q’ Q
R’ R
m

Holt McDougal Geometry

 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Example 1B: Drawing Compositions of Isometries

Draw the result of the composition of isometries.

∆KLM has vertices

K(4, –1), L(5, –2),
and M(1, –4). Rotate
∆KLM 180° about the
origin and then reflect K
it across the y-axis.
L

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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Example 1B Continued

Step 1 The rotational image of

(x, y) is (–x, –y).
M’ M”
K(4, –1)  K’(–4, 1),
L(5, –2)  L’(–5, 2), and L’ L”
M(1, –4)  M’(–1, 4). K”
K’
Step 2 The reflection image of K
(x, y) is (–x, y). L
K’(–4, 1)  K”(4, 1), M
L’(–5, 2)  L”(5, 2), and
M’(–1, 4)  M”(1, 4).
Step 3 Graph the image and preimages.
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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Check It Out! Example 1

∆JKL has vertices J(1,–2), K(4, –2), and L(3,

0). Reflect ∆JKL across the x-axis and then
rotate it 180° about the origin.

J K

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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Check It Out! Example 1 Continued

Step 1 The reflection image of

(x, y) is (–x, y).
J(1, –2) J’(–1, –2),
K(4, –2) K’(–4, –2), and
L(3, 0) L’(–3, 0).
K” J”
Step 2 The rotational image of L
L'’
(x, y) is (–x, –y).
L'
J’(–1, –2) J”(1, 2), J’ K’ J K
K’(–4, –2) K”(4, 2), and
L’(–3, 0) L”(3, 0).
Step 3 Graph the image and preimages.
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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations

Holt McDougal Geometry

 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Example 2: Art Application
Sean reflects a design across line p and then
reflects the image across line q. Describe a
single transformation that moves the design
from the original position to the final
position.
By Theorem 12-4-2, the composition
of two reflections across parallel
lines is equivalent to a translation
perpendicular to the lines. By
Theorem 12-4-2, the translation
vector is 2(5 cm) = 10 cm to the
right.

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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Check It Out! Example 2

What if…? Suppose Tabitha reflects the

figure across line n and then the image
across line p. Describe a single
transformation that is equivalent to the two
reflections.

A translation in direction
to n and p, by distance of
6 in.

Holt McDougal Geometry

 9-4 Compositions of Transformations

Holt McDougal Geometry

 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Example 3A: Describing Transformations in Terms of
Reflections
Copy each figure and draw two lines of
reflection that produce an equivalent
transformation.
translation: ∆XYZ ∆X’Y’Z’.

Step 1 Draw YY’ and

locate the midpoint M
of YY’
M
Step 2 Draw the
perpendicular bisectors
of YM and Y’M.

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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Example 3B: Describing Transformations in Terms of
Reflections
Copy the figure and draw two lines of
reflection that produce an equivalent
transformation.

Rotation with center P;

ABCD  A’B’C’D’
Step 1 Draw APA'. Draw
the angle bisector PX X

Step 2 Draw the bisectors

of APX and A'PX.

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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations

Remember!
To draw the perpendicular bisector of a segment,
use a ruler to locate the midpoint, and then use a
right angle to draw a perpendicular line.

Holt McDougal Geometry

 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Check It Out! Example 3
Copy the figure showing the translation that
maps LMNP  L’M’N’P’. Draw the lines of
reflection that produce an equivalent
transformation.
translation: LMNP  L’M’N’P’
Step 1 Draw MM’
and locate the
L M X
midpoint X of MM’
 L’ M’
Step 2 Draw the P N
perpendicular bisectors
of MX and M’X. P’ N’

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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Lesson Quiz: Part I

PQR has vertices P(5, –2), Q(1, –4), and P(–3, 3).

1. Translate ∆PQR along the vector <–2, 1> and then

reflect it across the x-axis.
P”(3, 1), Q”(–1, –5), R”(–5, –4)
2. Reflect ∆PQR across the line y = x and then rotate
it 90° about the origin.
P”(–5, –2), Q”(–1, 4), R”(3, 3)

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 9-4 Compositions of Transformations
Lesson Quiz: Part II

3. Copy the figure and draw two lines of reflection

that produce an equivalent transformation of
the translation ∆FGH  ∆F’G’H’.

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