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Switching Techniques

Switching is the process of forwarding packets from one port to another port towards the destination. There are three main switching techniques: circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection for the duration of the communication. Packet switching divides messages into packets that are transmitted individually through the network and reassembled at the destination. Message switching transmits entire messages as units through the network.

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Kavya Parashar
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1K views

Switching Techniques

Switching is the process of forwarding packets from one port to another port towards the destination. There are three main switching techniques: circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection for the duration of the communication. Packet switching divides messages into packets that are transmitted individually through the network and reassembled at the destination. Message switching transmits entire messages as units through the network.

Uploaded by

Kavya Parashar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SWITCHING

TECHNIQUES
Switching is process to forward packets coming in from one
port to a port leading towards the destination. When data
comes on a port it is called ingress, and when data leaves a
port or goes out it is called egress.
A switching network has many interlinked nodes called
switches which establishes temporary connections between the
source and the destination during the data transmission.
TYPES OF SWITCHING TECHNIQUE
1. CIRCUIT SWITCHING

The communication in circuit switching


has three phases.
1. Establish a circuit or setup phase
2. Transfer the data
3. Disconnect the circuit
ADVANTAGES :
 The communication channel (once established) is dedicated.
 Dedicated continuous path is best suitable for long continuous data transfer.

DISADVANTAGES:
 Possible long wait to establish a connection, during which no data can be
transmitted.
 More expensive than any other switching techniques, because a dedicated path is
required for each connection.
 Inefficient use of the communication channel, because the channel is not used when
the connected systems are not using it.
2. PACKET SWITCHING TECHNIQUE
A packet is small chunks of the data or message which is to be transmitted. In packet switching
technique the message is divided into packets which may of fixed or variable sizes. Each packet
includes a Header that contains information about the source address , destination address and some
control information. The packets travels in the network node-node. At each node the data is first
stored and the destination address is checked according to the header information. It is then
forwarded to the next node if the destination has not yet reached. This technique is called STORE AND
FORWARD.
PACKET SWITCHING - DATAGRAM
PACKET SWITCHING - VIRTUAL CIRCUIT
ADVANTAGES :
1.No dedicated network is needed.
2.A switching node can route the packets only when required.
3.Data transfer is done on packet basis. So intermediated switches need not
wait for the entire message. This increases the transmission speed.
4.Many devices communicates through the same network channel which
increases the bandwidth of the network.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Packets may be lost on their route, so sequence numbers are required to
identify missing packets.
2. Switching nodes requires more processing power as the packet switching
protocols are more complex.
3. Switching nodes for packet switching require large amount of RAM to
handle large quantities of packets.
4. A significant data transmission delay occurs - Use of store and forward
method causes a significant data transmission.
3.MESSAGE SWITCHING TECHNIQUE
A message is a logical unit of the data to be transferred ,which is of invariable
length. In message switching, the whole message is treated as a data unit and is
transmitted as an entire unit.
ADVANTAGES:
1.No physical connection is required between the source and destination.
2.Reduces the traffic congestion in the network since the message is stored until
the communication channel becomes available.
3.There is no limit in the size of the message which is transmitted in the network.
4.Efficient usage of the communication channels, since there is no preplanned
routing technique is followed.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Store and Forward technique causes delay in the transmission of
the data from sender to the receiver.
2. Due to the unlimited message size, the availability of the buffer to
store the message becomes practically difficult all the time.

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