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Evolution of Islamic

The document discusses the evolution of Islamic architecture from the 7th century onward. It was initially influenced by pre-Islamic styles from places conquered by Muslim dynasties, including Roman, Byzantine, Persian, and others. Islamic structures are typically divided into religious and secular. Religious structures include mosques, madrassas, and tombs, with characteristic features like mihrabs, minbars, and courtyards. Notable early mosques discussed are the Kaaba in Mecca, the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

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Syed Mansoor
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160 views25 pages

Evolution of Islamic

The document discusses the evolution of Islamic architecture from the 7th century onward. It was initially influenced by pre-Islamic styles from places conquered by Muslim dynasties, including Roman, Byzantine, Persian, and others. Islamic structures are typically divided into religious and secular. Religious structures include mosques, madrassas, and tombs, with characteristic features like mihrabs, minbars, and courtyards. Notable early mosques discussed are the Kaaba in Mecca, the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

Uploaded by

Syed Mansoor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EVOLUTION OF ISLAMIC

ARCHITECTURE

• BUILDING
TYPOLOGIES
DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC ART-
INFLUENCE OF STYLES
• The first followers of the Holy prophet –ARABS, had
no artistic or traditional styles

• As Islam spread, its art forms developed and were


modified by different climatic conditions and
materials that were available in the lands

• Islam spread, adapting indigenous art styles .


SPREAD OF ISLAM
EXPANSION OF ISLAMIC DYNASTIES
INFLUENCE OF STYLES

• ROMAN
• EARLY CHRISTIAN
• BYZANTINE STYLES
• PRE-ISLAMIC PERSIA
• TURKS
• MONGOLS
• Development of Islamic Art began in the 7 th century
ISLAMIC STRUCTURES
Can be divided into two main types

RELIGIOUS SECULAR STRUCTURES


STRUCTURES
• The Palace
• TheMosque or Masjid
• The Caravanserai
• The Madressah or
• The Cities
Religious school
• The tomb or Mausoleum
MOSQUE OR MASJID
A place of community gathering and prayer.
This unique religious edifice had the typical
prominent features

MIHRAB
• A mihrab is a niche in
the wall which points
the worshipers toward
Mecca.

• This identifies the


QIBLA, within the
Mosque
MIMBAR

• MIMBAR
• Raised wooden seat
or Pulpit , from which
sermons (“Khutba”)
was given.
• A place from which a
Damascus, Great Mosque,
religious leader (an
qibla wall (pointing to Mecca) "imam") speaks to
with minbar the people.
ABLUTIONS FOUNTAIN

• Before prayers, the


faithful cleaned their
faces, hands, feet, and
rinsed their mouths.
• Cleansing was an act
that was both symbolic
and literal to prepare
oneself to meet with
God in prayer
COURTYARD OR SAHN
• Almost every mosque and traditionally all houses and buildings in
areas of the Arab World contain a courtyard known as a sahn (
Arabic‫) صحن‬, which are surrounded on all sides by rooms and
sometimes an arcade.
• Sahns usually feature a centrally positioned pool known as a howz.
• If a sahn is in a mosque, it is used for performing ablutions.

A simple Sahn, with a


howz in the middle. ABLUTIONS POOL OR HOWZ
PRAYER HALL OR HARAM

• This is a colonnaded large hall where the prayer was


usually held.
• Any ritualistic activity took place here.
IWAN
• An iwan is defined as a
vaulted hall or space, walled
on three sides, with one end
entirely open.
• Iwans were a trademark of
the Sassanid architecture of
Persia, later finding their
way into Islamic architecture
• This transition reached its
peak during the Seljuki era
when iwans became
established as a fundamental
design unit in Islamic  Typically, iwans open on to a
architecture. central courtyard, and have been
used in both public and residential
• Typically, iwans open on to a architecture.
central courtyard, and have
been used in both public and
residential architecture.
THE FIRST OF THE THREE GREAT
SHRINES OF ISLAM
• Ka'ba at Mecca
(al-Haram al-Makki al-Sharif).
• Mosque of the Prophet Muhammad
Madina
• Dome of the Rock (QUBBA-AL-SAKHRA)
Jerusalem.
KA’BA-MECCA,SAUDI ARABIA

• The dimensions of the present


Ka'ba :
• Northern wall :12.63 meters
• Eastern wall : 11.22 meters
• Western wall :13.10 meters
• Northwest wall :11.03 meters
(it is not completely regular.)
• The Ka'ba height is 13 meters.
• The door on the northern side
is 2 meters from the ground
and is 1.7 meters wide.
PROPHETS MOSQUE

THE RECONSTRUCTED
MOSQUE AT MADINA
DOME OF THE ROCK, (QUBBA-AL-
SAKHRA),JERUSALEM
HISTORY
• BUILT IN 687 AD AND
692 AD
• ARCHITECT OF
BYZANTINE TRAINING
• SUPERVISION OF
SYRIAN BUILDERS
• DECORATION AND
MOSAIC BY
CONSTANTINOPLE

EXTERIOR VIEW FROM


NORTHEAST
PLAN

ROCK
SECTION AA
SECTIONAL VIEWS
INTERIOR VIEWS

Grilled
windows

INTERIOR
PORTICO
• 3 columns
supporting
4 arches on
either sides
Central ambulatory
&Rock
The Rock inside the Dome

Artificial
Cave within
rock

View along North Portico


showing marble paving
Lead sheets above ambulatory

Dome covered with alloy Exterior drum tile work


containing gold
GREAT MOSQUE AT DAMASCUS
PLAN
SECTION ALONG ENTRANCE

SECTION ALONG DOME

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