Prepared by

Mubarka Quaid Johar

(20827)
Aqsa Sarfaraz (22204)
Introduction
 Food security is defined as the availability of food and one's access to it.
 World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as existing "when all
people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to
maintain a healthy and active life".
 Things affecting food security today include:
o Global Water Crisis
o Climate Change
o Land Degradation
o Greedy Land Deals
Food insecurity
 Food insecurity is the absence of food security and applies to a wide range
of phenomena, from famine to periodic hunger to uncertain food supply.
 Chronic hunger is a constant or recurrent lack of food and results in
underweight and stunted children, and high infant mortality
 a lack of essential micronutrients in diets and affects >2 billion people
worldwide
Importance
 Everybody has to eat.
 Food is a basic human right.
 Food is the basis of a community’s economy.
 Our food system is unduly dependent on distant suppliers.
 What we see in the grocery store is a vulnerable perfection.
 We can only control what is close to home.
 The jurisdiction that cannot feed its people is at the mercy of whoever can.
 It is vital to preserve the blueprint
 People are rightly concerned about food-health connections.
 Good food is the basis of health.
 People in our community are hungry and/or undernourished.
 Inability to pay should not mean hunger.
 What we eat should not exploit those who produced it.
 Cheap food is too good to be true.
Impact of food insecurity
 Hunger, poverty and disease are interlinked, with each contributing to the
occurrence of the other two.
 Hunger is a major constraint to a country’s immediate and long term
economic, social and political development
 Losses in labor productivity due to hunger can cause 6-10% reduction in per
capita gross domestic product (GDP).
 The UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) estimate that one third of the world’s
people do not reach their physical and intellectual potential due to
micronutrient deficiencies caused by food insecurity.
Developing countries
 incomes, and economic access to food in rural area are much lower than in
urban areas.
 urban food insecurity is a growing problem
 Policymakers are often confronted with the dilemma of higher food prices to
induce increased food production and the food security of low-income
consumers
 A variety of short-and long-term policy options have been used by
governments to promote food security in the developing world.
 Policy effects local market as well as individual
Food market policies
 Price and Trade Regulation Policies
 State Engagement in Storage and Trade
 Agricultural Market Liberalization
 Public Safety Nets for Food Access
 Measures to Optimize Food Utilization
Pakistan National Policy
 Mission of Pakistan good security is to ensure a modern and efficient food
production and distribution system that can best contribute towards food
security and nutrition, in terms of availability, access, utilization and
stability.
 Food availability is the amount of food that is present in a country or area
through all forms of domestic production, imports, food stocks and food aid
 The agriculture sector is the mainstay of food availability in the country.
 Staple food is the main priority
Policies for food availability
 Diversification for Income and Nutrition
 Agricultural Inputs
 Improving Credit Market
 Land and Water Resources Management
 Agricultural Mechanization
 Livestock
 Fishers
 Poultry
 Food Losses and Wastage
Food Security In Developed Countries
 Food security is when all people at all times have physical, social and economic
access to food, which is safe and consumed in sufficient quantity and quality to meet
their dietary needs and food preferences, and is supported by an environment of
adequate sanitation, health services and care, allowing for a healthy and active life”
 Food insecurity is the 21st century hunger in developed countries. Food insufficiency
is inadequate amount of food intake due to lack of resources including money.
 Food insecurity has existed in developed countries such as USA and Canada for
decades earlier than 2008.
 in UK, 5.6% of the UK population were estimated to have experienced food
insecurity based on the FAO's globally set threshold for food insecurity.
 1 in 8 households in Canada is food insecure, amounting to over 4 million
Canadians, including 1.15 million children, living in homes that struggle to put food
on the table. A year-end survey finds that nearly 9 out of 10 Canadians report that
food prices are rising at a faster rate than their household income.
Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)
 FAO has designed the FEIS to suite food and nutrition security indicators.
FEIS is an experience-based metric of severity of food insecurity measured
by the responses given by people on their ability to access adequate food.
 It is used for developed and developing countries.
Food Insecurity Experience Scale
 The responses of US and European
countries indicated that people who
were food insecure were also
overweight In European countries
there are high rates of obesity.
 In developed countries, . Food
insecurity and obesity are
conjoined public health issues.
 Families with food insecurity live in
areas with low quality food shops.
 Energy dense foods are cheaper.
Causes Of Food Insecurity
 Food Security in USA
 11.8% of US households (15 million households or
40 million people) were food insecure at some time
during 2018.
 6.8% of the households being food insecure. And
4.43% having severly low food security.
 Causes of food insecurity in the US are
1. Food desserts – 23.5M people live in food desserts
2. Poverty – unhealthy alternatives
3. Gender inequality –10.5 percent of households
headed by a single woman were food insecure in
2016. Women earn 83% of what men earn on the
dollar.
Programs to curb Food Insecurity.
 The Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) under the USDA is a federal agency that
focuses on giving nutritional aid to people that are suffering from food insecurity.
The FNS provides service to 1 in 5 Americans currently has numerous domestic
nutrition assistance programs.
 Some of them are;
1. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
2. National School Lunch Program (NSLP)
3. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
4. Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACSFP)
5. Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACSFP)
6. Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP)/(SFMNP)
Food Security in Singapore
 Singapore is the ninth-most developed nation in the world has one of the
world’s highest GDP growth rate at 7.7%.
 Former GIC economist Yeoh Lam Keong, calculated a number of between 10
and 12 percent Singaporean citizens and permanent residents were poor.
 These groups of Singaporeans include;
 Single parents
 Elderly people
 People with serious disabilities
Risk Scenarios
 As a small country with limited natural resources, Singapore imports over 90
per cent of its food requirements for its 5.8 million inhabitants.
 Singapore’s per capita food consumption is comparable with that of other
developed countries and sometimes even higher.
 The higher the degree of import dependence, the higher the risks the
country is exposed to, such as;
1. Supply lockdown in exporting countries
2. High intensity conflict (e.g., war)
3. Low intensity conflict (e.g., regional socioeconomic instability or terrorist
threats)
Road Map to Food Security
 Singapore is forced to belong to the
second category because it does not
have that luxury of natural resources,
ample land and water. It has to be self-
reliant, using explicit policies to safeguard
its food supplies while having some
domestic production capability of its own
 Singapore has planned for food supply
disruptions for years, to meet such
challenges, the Singapore Food Agency
(SFA) was formed in April last year to
focus solely on food-related issues.
Securing the country’s food security is its
core mission.
Road Map to Food Security
 Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore (AVA) reviewed Singapore’s
Food Security Roadmap after wide consultations with industry partners and
other government agencies to address food security for Singapore in a
holistic manner and came up with following strategies;
 Source diversification
 Optimizing local food production
 Food wastage reduction
 Raising consumer awareness/Educational programs
 Food safety
Recommendations
 Restaurant, hotels and eateries contribute to food waste reduction and
donate excessive, unsold food
 Food price regulation to make nutritional food affordable for everyone
 Government assistance to ensure basic necessities
 Use of fertilizers and technology
 Optimization of local production
 Education regarding sound food practices to avoid unhealthy eating habits.