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Classification of Computers: Introduction To Computing

This document discusses different ways of classifying computers based on operating principle, size, and generation. It covers analog, digital, and hybrid computers classified by operating principle. By size, it covers supercomputers, mainframes, mini computers, and microcomputers. By generation, it discusses the characteristics of first through fifth generation computers defined by their storage technology from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits.

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Sajjad Yousuf
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45 views

Classification of Computers: Introduction To Computing

This document discusses different ways of classifying computers based on operating principle, size, and generation. It covers analog, digital, and hybrid computers classified by operating principle. By size, it covers supercomputers, mainframes, mini computers, and microcomputers. By generation, it discusses the characteristics of first through fifth generation computers defined by their storage technology from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits.

Uploaded by

Sajjad Yousuf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computing

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
TYPES OF COMPUTER

Types of Computer

Digital computer

Analog computer Hybrid computer


Super computer Mainframe Mini computer Micro computer
COMPUTER CLASS BY OPERATING PRINCIPLE

 Computer can be divided into three


basic categories based on the
operating principle:
 Analog Computer
 Digital Computer
 Hybrid Computer
ANALOG COMPUTER
 Analog computer measures and answer
the questions by the method of “HOW
MUCH”.
 The input data is not a number infect a
physical quantity like temperature,
pressure, speed, velocity.
 Thermometers, voltmeters,
 Speed measuring
 Meters, etc
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
 Digital computer the input data is
represented by a number. These are
used for the logical and arithmetic
operations.
 Signals are two level of (0v to 5v)
 Accuracy

 Mini computer, micro computer,


mainframe and super computers are
digital computers
HYBRID COMPUTERS
 Hybrid computers are computers that
exhibit features of analog computers
and digital computers.
 Measure the Heartbeat of the

patient.
 A computer that maintain

temperature in a burner of a
production plant.
BY SIZE

 Classification of Computers According


to size:
 Super computers
 Mainframe
 Mini Computers
 Micro Computers
SUPER COMPUTERS
 A computer that was the fastest in the world at the time it
was constructed.
 Are used for highly calculation intensive tasks such as
Weather forecasting , climate research, molecular research,
nuclear research biological research etc

 Can tackle tasks that would not be practical for other


computers.
 Typical uses
 Breaking codes

 Modeling weather systems

 Some examples of super com: IBM roadrunner, IBM


blue gene and Intel ASCII red.
SOME SUPERCOMPUTERS
 JAGUAR, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
 NEBULAE, China
 ROADRUNNER, Los Alamos
National Laboratory
 JUGENE, Juelich Supercomputing
Centre, Germany
 PARAM is a series of supercomputer assembled in India
by C-DAC (centre for development of Advanced
Computing) in Pune.
MAINFRAME

 very large computers that require extensive space


 very expensive to buy and maintain

 general purpose in nature and have very large

computing power
 used in banks,

insurance companies,
manufacturing firms,
universities
MINI COMPUTER
 Was introduced in 1960s smaller in size
than the mainframes but bigger than the
micro computers
 less expensive to mainframes computers

 some are still been used for special or

dedicated purposes
 have the ability

to handle complex
Calculations
× DEC(digital equipment computer)

× 16 bit minicomputer
MICRO COMPUTERS

 the smallest and the cheapest when


compared with mainframes and mini
computers
 otherwise known as personal computers (PC)
 Consist of CPU, input unit, output , storage
unit and software
 Apple Macintoch and other intel
microprocessor are the examples of micro
computers
 Notebook, laptop, tablet , handheld,
smartphones,
BY YEAR

 Generations of Computers
 First Generation
 Second Generation
 Third Generation
 Fourth Generation
 Fifth Generation
FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

 from the year 1946 – 1960


 Used vacuum tubes as storage unit
 ENIAC (Electronic Integrator and

Computer), EDSAC (Electronic Delay


Storage Automatic Computer) &
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer),
FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

 FEATURES OF FIRST GENERATION


COMPUTER
 a. They are very large computers
 b. They generate a lot of heat
 c. They consume a lot of power
 d. They are very expensive
SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

 from the year 1956 – 1964


 used transistors as means of storage
 MERITS OF TRANSISTORS OVER VACUUM
 a. Transistor is a fraction of vacuum tube
 b. It is faster than the vacuum tube
 c. It is accurate
 d. It occupies less space
 e. It is more powerful and can perform the
work of 1000 vacuum tubes.
THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

 from the year 1965 – 1971


 known as the age of IC’s (integrated
circuits)
 can carryout the job of 40 transistors
FOURTH GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

 from the year 1970 – 1980


 Improvements on the integrated circuit

to the vary large scale integrated


circuit or VLSI circuits. VLSI circuit
having 5000 transistors in single chip.
 operates a million times

faster than old vacuum tube


FIFTH GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

 referred to as future computers


 proposed to be as intelligent and

capable as a human being


 self-sufficient to a very

large storage capacity


from the previous
computers

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