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Chemical Reaction

The document discusses chemical reactions and stoichiometry, including types of chemical reactions like combustion, endothermic and exothermic reactions. It explains concepts like reactants and products in chemical equations, mole calculations, molar mass, limiting and excess reactants, theoretical and actual reaction yields, and percentage yields. Sample problems are provided to demonstrate how to use these stoichiometry concepts to calculate amounts of substances involved in chemical reactions.

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118 views

Chemical Reaction

The document discusses chemical reactions and stoichiometry, including types of chemical reactions like combustion, endothermic and exothermic reactions. It explains concepts like reactants and products in chemical equations, mole calculations, molar mass, limiting and excess reactants, theoretical and actual reaction yields, and percentage yields. Sample problems are provided to demonstrate how to use these stoichiometry concepts to calculate amounts of substances involved in chemical reactions.

Uploaded by

tinoney
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMICAL

REACTION
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
RELEASE OR ABSORB
ENERGY...

ENDOTHERMIC EXOTHERMIC
REACTION REACTION

 Squids/ fireflies
photosynthesis  Cellular
respiration
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
HAPPEN AT DIFFERENT
RATES...

CONCENTRATION TEMPERATURE

PARTICLE SIZE CATALYST


CHEMICAL REACTIONS CAN BE
REPRESENTED BY CHEMICAL
EQUATIONS...
REACTANTS PRODUCTS

-Species that are used -Species that are


up in a chemical produced in a chemical
reaction reaction
-written at the left-hand -written at the right-
of a chemical equation. hand of a chemical
equation.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
After heating a metal strip of magnesium
(Mg) in the presence of oxygen (O2) gas, a
white powder was seen on the wire gauze.
The white powder was found to be
magnesium oxide (MgO). Using this
information, write the corresponding (a.)
Word Equation and (b.) Chemical
Equation representing the reaction.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
ARE CLASSIFIED INTO
TYPES...
COMBINATION DECOMPOSITION
REACTION REACTION
(A + B  AB) (AB  A + B)

SINGLE DOUBLE
REPLACEMENT REPLACEMENT
(AB + X  AX + B) (AX + BY  AY + BX)
CLASSIFY EACH REACTION AS
COMBINATION, DECOMPOSITION, SINGLE
REPLACEMENT, OR DOUBLE
REPLACEMENT REACTION.
1) 8Al 2S3(s)
 16Al(s) + 3S8(s)
2) NH3(g) + HCl(g)  NH4Cl(s)
3) PbCl2 + 2AgNO3  Pb(NO3)2 + 2AgCl
4) 2NaBr(s) + Cl2(g)  2NaCl(s) +
Br2(g)
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OBEY
CONSERVATION OF MASS BY
FOLLOWING STOICHIOMETRY

BALANCED LIMITING AND


EQUATION EXCESS REAGENT
STOICHIOMET
RY
STOICHIOMETRY
STOICHIOMETRY

AAquantitative
quantitativestudy
studyofofreactants
reactantsand
and
productsininaachemical
products chemicalreaction.
reaction.

MOLAR MASS
MOLE (n)
(M)
MOLE
Symbolized by “n” with a unit symbol “mol”
The amount of substance that contain the
same number of particles (atoms, ions, ion
pairs, or molecules)
6.022 × 1023 particles / mole (Avogadro’s
number)
FORMULA:
MOLAR MASS
Symbolized by “M” with a unit symbol
“g/mol”

It is the mass in grams or kilograms of 1


mole of units (atoms, molecules, or other
particles) of a substance.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
1) How many moles of calcium
carbonate are in 63.8 g of CaCO​?
2) What is the mass in grams of
0.0287 mol of sucrose (C12​H​22​O​11)?
3) How many moles of glucose are in
19.1g of glucose (C6​H​12​O​6)?
STOICHIOMETRY FLOW CHART
SAMPLE PROBLEM
o Ina 5 g sample of Fe12​O3,
compute the following:
a. Moles of Fe12​O3
b. Particles of Fe12​O3
c. Moles of Fe3+ ions
d. Ions of Fe3+
LIMITING AND EXCESS REACTANTS

Limiting Reactant
The substance that is completely used up
first in a reaction.
Limits the amount of the other reactant
consumed and the amount of product
formed in a chemical reaction.
Excess Reactant
The substance that is not used up
completely.
ANALOGY FOR LIMITING AND
EXCESS REACTANTS
REACTION YIELD
 THEORETICAL YIELD
 The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given
amount of reactant.
 In most chemical reactions, the actual amount of product obtained is
less than the theoretical yield.

 EXPERIMENTAL/ ACTUAL YIELD


 The measured amount of product obtained from a reaction.

 PERCENTAGE YIELD
 Gives an idea if a product is a good investment or not.
 If the yield of the reaction is too small, the product may not be
competitive in the marketplace.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
 Steel wool, which is made of pure iron metal, burns with oxygen
gas to produce ferric oxide (Fe2O3).
4Fe + 3O2  2FeO3

if there are 1.25 moles of Fe and 1.25 moles of O2 ,


a. How many moles of FeO3 will be produced? What is its mass?
b. If the actual laboratory yield is 95.8 g FeO 3, what is the
reaction’s percentage yield?

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